Question 1

The nurse concludes there is no need for further instruction about selecting foods high in potassium when the patient chooses:

Accepted Answer

A)   apples and green beans.
B)   kiwis and onions.
C)   apricots and asparagus.
D)   grapes and lima beans. C

Question 2

What are the three buffer systems of the body? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Bicarbonate/carbonic acid system
B)   Respiratory system
C)   Renal system
D)   GI system
E)   Integumentary system A,B,C

Question 3

The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space.This process is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   diffusion.
B)   filtration.
C)   osmosis.
D)   homeostasis. C

Question 4

When creating a nursing care plan for a patient with metabolic acidosis,the nurse should focus on:

Accepted Answer

A)   frequent periods of ambulation.
B)   increasing fluid intake.
C)   decreasing fluid intake.
D)   deep-breathing exercises.

Question 5

Electrolytes are not measured by weight; their electrical activity is expressed in milliequivalents.The nurse clarifies that 1 milliequivalent of potassium has the same combining power as 1 milliequivalent of:

Accepted Answer

A)   nitrogen.
B)   oxygen.
C)   hydrogen.
D)   magnesium.

Question 6

The lactating mother is counseled by the nurse to eat adequate amounts of meat and legumes to increase her level of:

Accepted Answer

A)   potassium.
B)   chloride.
C)   magnesium.
D)   phosphorus.

Question 7

The nurse weighs a patient at the same time of day with the same scale and same clothing as a simple and accurate method of determining:

Accepted Answer

A)   an accurate weight.
B)   water balance.
C)   adequate nutrition.
D)   urinary output.

Question 8

As the nurse assesses the edematous cardiac patient,she is aware that the condition is a result of retained fluid and the patient is:

Accepted Answer

A)   hyponatremic.
B)   hypokalemic.
C)   hypernatremic.
D)   hypercalcemic.

Question 9

What percentage of an adult's body weight consists of water?

Accepted Answer

A)   10% to 20%
B)   30% to 40%
C)   50% to 60%
D)   70% to 80%

Question 10

When reading the lab report of a patient with excessive diarrhea,the nurse notes that the pH is 7.10,and the PaCO2 and the PaO2 are normal.From this information alone,the nurse assesses the patient to be in:

Accepted Answer

A)   respiratory acidosis.
B)   metabolic acidosis.
C)   respiratory alkalosis.
D)   metabolic alkalosis.

Question 11

When assessing a patient with respiratory alkalosis,the nurse expects to see:

Accepted Answer

A)   slow respirations.
B)   muscle weakness.
C)   strong,even heart rate.
D)   flushed face.

Question 12

Homeostasis of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids depends on the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid,which is:

Accepted Answer

A)   1:5.
B)   1:10.
C)   1:15.
D)   1:20.

Question 13

What are the three types of passive transport? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Diffusion
B)   Titration
C)   Osmosis
D)   Distillation
E)   Filtration

Question 14

After assessing a calcium level of 6.2 mEq/L,the nurse modifies the care plan for the immobilized patient to include observation for possible:

Accepted Answer

A)   osteoporosis.
B)   tooth loss.
C)   renal calculi.
D)   contractures.

Question 15

If a patient began vomiting and continued to do so for several hours,the nurse is aware that this loss of stomach contents can result in:

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic acidosis.
B)   metabolic alkalosis.
C)   respiratory acidosis.
D)   respiratory alkalosis.

Question 16

A child has been having an asthma attack for the last 8 hours.Because of the child's inability to exhale effectively,the nurse assesses for respiratory __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A child has been having an asthma...

Question 17

The nurse instructs a patient that his inhaled oxygen moved into the intravascular compartment by a process called:

Accepted Answer

A)   active transport.
B)   oxygenation.
C)   passive transport.
D)   mass movement.

Question 18

The nurse explains that a normal adult will lose approximately _____ mL of water through respiration in the course of a day.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse explains that a normal adult...

Question 19

The nurse closely assesses a patient with hypokalemia for:

Accepted Answer

A)   systemic edema.
B)   cardiac complications.
C)   muscle cramping.
D)   impaired kidney function.

Question 20

The nurse must keep an accurate intake and output record to assess kidney efficiency.In order for the kidneys to remove waste,they must produce an hourly urine output of at least:

Accepted Answer

A)   10 mL.
B)   20 mL.
C)   30 mL.
D)   40 mL.

Exam 22: Fluids and Electrolytes