Question 1

To osmoregulate in fresh water, a fish must _______ salts and produce _______ amounts of _______ urine.

Accepted Answer

A)   conserve; copious; dilute
B)   excrete; copious; dilute
C)   conserve; small; dilute
D)   excrete; small; dilute
E)   absorb; copious; concentrated A

Question 2

Which of the following statements about ADH is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is another name for vasopressin.
B)   It is another name for antidiuretic hormone.
C)   It is released from the posterior pituitary.
D)   It is responsible for inhibiting aquaporins.
E)   a, b, and c E

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer.
-Site(s) of glucose and amino acid reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal pyramids
B)  Proximal convoluted tubule
C)  Distal convoluted tubule
D)  Loop of Henle
E)  Collecting duct B

Question 4

A freshwater fish tends to _______ water because its body fluids have _______ osmolarity than fresh water has.

Accepted Answer

A)   gain; a greater
B)   gain; a lower
C)   lose; a lower
D)   lose; a greater
E)   gain; the same

Question 5

Use the following to answer questions:
Match the appropriate anatomical feature from the list below with each description that follows. There may be more than one correct answer.
-Site(s) of major water reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal pyramids
B)  Proximal convoluted tubule
C)  Distal convoluted tubule
D)  Loop of Henle
E)  Collecting duct

Question 6

Reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubules is facilitated by _______, which provide extra surface area in the cells lining the tubules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubules is...

Question 7

If the afferent arteriole that supplies blood to the glomerulus becomes dilated, then

Accepted Answer

A)   the protein concentration of the filtrate decreases.
B)   hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus decreases.
C)   the glomerular filtration rate increases.
D)   the glomerular filtration rate decreases.
E)   the water concentration of the filtrate decreases.

Question 8

The key difference between animals that are ammonotelic, ureotelic, or uricotelic is in how they deal with their _______ wastes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The key difference between animals that are...

Question 9

For mammals of the same size, what feature of their excretory systems would give them the greatest ability to concentrate their urine?

Accepted Answer

A)   Higher glomerular filtration rate
B)   Longer convoluted tubules
C)   Increased number of nephrons
D)   More permeable collecting ducts
E)   Longer loops of Henle

Question 10

Birds that feed on marine animals ingest a lot of salt, but they excrete most of it by means of

Accepted Answer

A)   Malpighian tubules.
B)   rectal salt glands.
C)   gill membranes.
D)   concentrated urine.
E)   nasal salt glands.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about ionic conformers is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ionic conformers may also be osmoconformers.
B)   Terrestrial herbivores have a pressing need for ionic balance because their food is typically high in salt.
C)   Penguins excrete concentrated salt through nasal salt glands.
D)   Nasal salt glands drain into an animal's trachea so that the salt can be reclaimed by the animal.
E)   All the above are true; none is false.

Question 12

Analysis of kidney function in simple vertebrates suggests that the earliest vertebrate nephron functioned mainly to

Accepted Answer

A)   remove excess water.
B)   remove excess salts.
C)   remove excess nutrients.
D)   filter nitrogenous wastes.
E)   conserve water.

Question 13

What would happen to the composition of excreted urine if all active transport processes in the nephron came to a halt?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What would happen to the composition of...

Question 14

The process of filtration from the capillaries into the glomerulus is driven by

Accepted Answer

A)   active transport.
B)   arterial blood pressure.
C)   venous blood pressure.
D)   osmotic pressure.
E)   secretion.

Question 15

Which of the following produce urine that is more concentrated than their body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mammals
B)   Catfish
C)   Crocodiles
D)   Frogs
E)   Sharks

Question 16

Which of the following represents the correct pathway of water and solutes traveling through a nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)   Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, collecting ducts
B)   Bowman's capsule, glomerulus, distal tubule, loop of Henle, proximal tubule, collecting ducts
C)   Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, distal tubule, loop of Henle, proximal tubule, collecting ducts
D)   Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, collecting ducts, distal tubule, loop of Henle
E)   Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, distal tubule, collecting ducts, loop of Henle

Question 17

Organisms that are ionic regulators maintain an

Accepted Answer

A)   osmotic concentration that may differ from that of the environment.
B)   osmotic concentration that is the same as that of the environment.
C)   ion concentration that may differ from that of the environment.
D)   ion concentration that is the same as that of the environment.
E)   ion concentration by diffusion only.

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions

Refer to the diagram below to complete the statements about the mammalian nephron that follow.

-The composition of the filtrate would be most like plasma in the tubule next to letter _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following to answer questions

Refer...

Question 19

Gout results from an accumulation of _______ in the joints.

Accepted Answer

A)   carbon dioxide
B)   water
C)   ammonia
D)   uric acid
E)   urea

Question 20

Which of the following is not a factor in the movement of water into tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)   Osmotic gradient
B)   Fluid pressure
C)   Active transport of water
D)   Diffusion
E)   Salinity gradient

Exam 52: Salt and Water Balance and Nitrogen

To osmoregulate in fresh water, a fish must ___ salts and produce _ amounts of _____ urine.