Question 1

The possible inaccuracy of self-reports is a disadvantage in using ____________ and can be remedied by using ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  projective tests; lie detectors 
B)  projective tests; better interviewers 
C)  psychological tests; validity scales 
D)  psychological tests; better interviewers

Question 2

Hearing voices is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a hallucination 
B)  a delusion 
C)  a negative symptom 
D)  clang speech

Question 3

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding biological factors in the development of mental illness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maternal malnutrition, ingestion of toxins, or other prenatal factors influence whether offspring have a mental illness. 
B)  Fraternal twins are twice as likely as identical twins to have the same mental illness. 
C)  Brain scans using computerized tomography (CT) show functional deficits in almost all brain regions in people with mental illness. 
D)  About 75 percent of people who have a family member with a mental illness will develop the same mental illness at some point in their lives.

Question 4

Schizophrenia is found more often among poorer people. This is evidence that ____________ factors are important in mental illness.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive 
B)  evolutionary 
C)  socio-cultural 
D)  biological

Question 5

Psychologists have noted that some forms of mental illness are more common among lower socio-economic groups. Which model of mental illness is best able to account for this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the family systems model 
B)  the socio-cultural model 
C)  the cognitive-behavioural model 
D)  the hierarchy model

Question 6

If you experience intense, uncontrollable fear when you encounter or think about a specific object, you would probably be diagnosed with:

Accepted Answer

A)  a panic disorder 
B)  obsessive-compulsive disorder 
C)  generalized anxiety disorder 
D)  phobic disorder

Question 7

A psychologist insists that in order to effectively diagnose a patient, she must only use tests and methods that previous research has shown to be valid and reliable. This psychologist is following the approach called:

Accepted Answer

A)  evidence-based assessment 
B)  comorbidity 
C)  the socio-cultural model 
D)  the cognitive-behavioural approach

Question 8

Which two disorders below have been most closely linked to one another?

Accepted Answer

A)  personality disorder and social phobia 
B)  obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder 
C)  schizophrenia and personality disorder 
D)  panic disorder and agoraphobia

Question 9

When you leave your room to go to the library with your roommate, he goes back several times to make sure the door is locked. You have also noted that he cleans the room frequently even when it isn't dirty. These are symptoms of:

Accepted Answer

A)  generalized anxiety disorder 
B)  agoraphobia 
C)  obsessive-compulsive disorder 
D)  panic disorder

Question 10

Lithium has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder, but patients frequently refuse to take it because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  blunts the euphoria associated with the manic episodes 
B)  increases suicidal cognitions 
C)  reduces the frequency of depressive episodes but sometimes makes them more severe 
D)  increases sexual motivation to a level that is uncomfortable for most people

Question 11

There is evidence that a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder may be invalid, at least in some cases. As discussed in your textbook, which of the following statements is NOT a piece of evidence supporting this claim?

Accepted Answer

A)  The frequency of this diagnosis has increased dramatically since it first came to psychologists' attention. 
B)  The diagnosis frequently occurs after someone has committed a crime. 
C)  While older cases involved only one or two "extra" personalities, the current cases frequently involve many. 
D)  Many therapists have claimed responsibility for causing dissociative identity disorder.

Question 12

If a clinician is interested in finding out as much as possible about a client's subjective experience of his/her mental health issues, and if the clinician is NOT necessarily concerned with diagnosis, the clinician should use:

Accepted Answer

A)  neuropsychological testing 
B)  psychological testing 
C)  an unstructured interview 
D)  a structured interview

Question 13

Research suggests that damage to the ____________ is involved in the development of many mental illnesses.

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral nervous system 
B)  central nervous system 
C)  autonomic nervous system 
D)  sympathetic nervous system

Question 14

Tom has often been in trouble with the justice system, appearing in court more than 20 times for instigating fights, stealing cars, or robbery. Tom seems to have no empathy for his victims, and has even laughed when talking about stealing from or hurting them. Tom would likely be diagnosed with:

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple identity disorder 
B)  amoral apathy syndrome 
C)  anti-social personality disorder 
D)  narcissistic personality disorder

Question 15

What are your chances of experiencing major depression during your lifetime?

Accepted Answer

A)  much greater if you are female than male 
B)  roughly 50 percent during your lifetime 
C)  less than 5 percent even if you have relatives with the disorder 
D)  close to zero if you have experienced episodes of dysthymia

Question 16

The symptoms most commonly associated with schizophrenia are:

Accepted Answer

A)  showing evidence of one or more distinct personalities and fluctuating moods 
B)  delusions and hallucinations 
C)  rapidly alternating periods of anxiety and depression 
D)  extreme impulsiveness and sensation seeking

Question 17

Which of the following disorders involves a serious lack of meaningful social contact with a parent?

Accepted Answer

A)  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 
B)  obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnosed in childhood 
C)  autism 
D)  borderline personality disorder

Question 18

Caroline uses an old grocery cart to collect cans, plastic bags, and newspapers from the street. She wears multiple layers of clothing even when it is hot outside. She frequently talks to herself in public. She is:

Accepted Answer

A)  showing what happens when severe bipolar disorder is left untreated 
B)  showing what happens when severe anti-social personality disorder is left untreated 
C)  manifesting positive symptoms of schizophrenia 
D)  manifesting negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 19

Speech in people with schizophrenia:

Accepted Answer

A)  is similar to the language of people with dissociative disorders 
B)  is usually very simple, like the language of a 4-year-old 
C)  can shift rapidly between topics with no apparent logic 
D)  is typically delayed in its development by about 5 years

Question 20

What distinguishes dysthymia from major depression?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a difference in the intensity of the symptoms. 
B)  The former is short in duration whereas the latter can last for years. 
C)  Dysthymia is a milder form of bipolar disorder. 
D)  They are unrelated disorders.

Exam 14: Psychological Disorders

The possible inaccuracy of self-reports is a disadvantage in using and can be remedied by using .