Question 1

Delusions are a positive symptom and social isolation is a ____________ symptom; both are associated with ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative; schizophrenia 
B)  positive; schizophrenia 
C)  positive; bipolar disorder 
D)  negative; bipolar disorder

Question 2

A central assumption of the cognitive-behavioural model of mental illness is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  mental dysfunction is an outgrowth of cultural mediation between thoughts and behaviours 
B)  the family context is the most important factor 
C)  abnormal behaviour is a set of learned responses 
D)  internal conflicts between unconscious and conscious conflicts are the primary causes of mental illness

Question 3

As discussed in the textbook, the fact that monkeys tend to experience fear if fear is displayed by other monkeys suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  a biological predisposition to be generally anxious may exist 
B)  situational factors play a role in anxiety development 
C)  higher-order cognition plays a role in anxiety development 
D)  temperament is especially important in anxiety development

Question 4

Which of the following disorders is probably LEAST disruptive to daily life, and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  panic disorder; because one's daily life is only minimally affected 
B)  generalized anxiety disorder; because the fearful feelings one has are usually mild and of a short duration 
C)  specific phobia; because the phobia is usually only cued on occasions when the feared object is encountered 
D)  obsessive-compulsive disorder; because this disorder involves thoughts which are often easy to ignore

Question 5

Psychologists use the term prognosis to refer to:

Accepted Answer

A)  how a particular disorder is defined 
B)  the likely cause of the disorder 
C)  the future course and probable outcome of the disorder 
D)  whether the diagnosis is correct or not

Question 6

Jenny is a 30-year-old executive who was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) when she was in elementary school. Based on recent research, you would assume that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Jenny has few problems with ADHD as an adult 
B)  Jenny's current symptoms will be misunderstood as symptoms of an anxiety disorder rather than ADHD 
C)  there is a 30-80 percent chance that Jenny still shows symptoms of ADHD 
D)  Jenny is unlikely to show ADHD symptoms as an adult because women are much more likely than men to outgrow the disorder

Question 7

Dr. Jahoda sees his patients' problems as a result of maladaptive beliefs based on prior learning experiences. Dr. Jahoda is most clearly a:

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviourist 
B)  humanist 
C)  neo-Freudian 
D)  cognitive-behaviouralist

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the environmental influences on schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  birth order 
B)  family functioning 
C)  urban versus rural living environment 
D)  stress

Question 9

Dr. Brown, as a humanistic psychologist, is not as concerned with diagnosing her clients' disorders as she is with understanding her clients' subjective experiences. In getting information about her clients, Dr. Brown probably uses:

Accepted Answer

A)  an unstructured interview 
B)  a structured interview 
C)  a mental status interview 
D)  the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Interview

Question 10

Most people with schizophrenia are diagnosed with the disorder in young adulthood (around 20-30 years of age). Recent studies show that as children they:

Accepted Answer

A)  were almost indistinguishable from their peers 
B)  showed less normal social behaviours compared to their peers 
C)  had difficulty learning language 
D)  showed excessive motor activity

Question 11

Neuroimaging studies have shown that in the brains of people with schizophrenia:

Accepted Answer

A)  brain activity is centred on the amygdala and hippocampus 
B)  decreased volume and functioning occur in various brain regions 
C)  increased volume is visible in the frontal lobes 
D)  regions that affect people with bipolar disorder are also overactive in people with schizophrenia

Question 12

A large adoption study discussed in your textbook found that anti-social behaviour in adopted males:

Accepted Answer

A)  is strongly related to their same-sex siblings' behaviour 
B)  is more closely related to the anti-social behaviours of their adoptive fathers than their biological fathers 
C)  is more closely related to the anti-social behaviour of their biological fathers than their adoptive fathers 
D)  is related to cognitive and motivational factors and mostly unrelated to genetic factors

Question 13

Dr. Hunskor is curious about what kinds of stress his patient, Ms. M., has been experiencing recently. Ms. M. came to see him because she had temporary amnesia, a state which is often brought on by extreme stress. Would Dr. Hunskor include information about life stress as part of a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  No; environmental events or factors are not included. 
B)  No; previous editions of the DSM included this information, but the current edition does not. 
C)  Yes; this is the most important part of a DSM diagnosis. 
D)  Yes; this is one part of a standard five-component DSM diagnosis.

Question 14

The diathesis-stress model of mental illness argues that:

Accepted Answer

A)  stress is the primary cause of mental illness 
B)  genetic factors that make us unable to cope with stress are the primary cause of psychological disorders 
C)  we can have predispositions to psychological disorders without ever developing them 
D)  trauma is the primary cause of mental dysfunction

Question 15

The relationship between panic attacks and agoraphobia is accurately described in which statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Having panic attacks has little to do with the development of agoraphobia. 
B)  Panic attacks may give rise to agoraphobia through learning. 
C)  Both are a function of similar biological factors. 
D)  Both result from specific phobias in childhood.

Question 16

Which of the following does NOT characterize borderline personality disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  social phobia 
B)  weak sense of self 
C)  self-mutilation 
D)  emotional instability

Question 17

Personality disorders are classified along with ____________ in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual because they ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mood disorders; involve extreme moods 
B)  anxiety disorders; involve fear in relationships 
C)  multiple personality disorder; involve dysfunction in personality expression 
D)  mental retardation; are typically long-lasting

Question 18

Your textbook authors note that there has been a dramatic increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism in recent decades. This increase is thought to stem primarily from:

Accepted Answer

A)  greater awareness of the symptoms of this disorder 
B)  an increase in susceptibility to the disorder 
C)  changes in the levels of environmental toxins linked to the disease 
D)  viral factors not yet identified

Question 19

Juan-Carlos has autism, and his repetitive behaviours are especially severe. His parents are worried he may injure himself. He also has a very difficult time engaging in social communication. Juan-Carlos's problematic behaviours could be helped if he took a drug which increased his level of:

Accepted Answer

A)  oxytocin 
B)  serotonin 
C)  testosterone 
D)  dopamine

Question 20

Which of the following is an accurate difference between the newest edition and the older editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual?

Accepted Answer

A)  The newest version is more popular with psychotherapists whereas the older versions were more popular with social and personality psychologists. 
B)  The newest edition involves a "multiaxial" system wherein people receive a more complete, holistic diagnosis. 
C)  The older editions classified disorders into categories but the newest edition does not. 
D)  Most psychiatrists and psychologists used the older editions and the newer edition is less popular.

Exam 14: Psychological Disorders

Delusions are a positive symptom and social isolation is a symptom; both are associated with .