Question 1

Daryl is taking a personality test in which he is shown a series of simple scenes.He is supposed to tell a story about what is happening in each scene and suggest what the characters are feeling.The test that Daryl is taking is the

Accepted Answer

A)  Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). 
B)  Rorschach test. 
C)  Sixteen Personality Factor (16PF) Questionnaire. 
D)  Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS).

Question 2

According to the evolutionary approach to personality,humans have evolved special sensitivity to variations in the tendency to be reliable and ethical,which is closely associated with which of the following Big Five personality traits?

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroticism 
B)  extraversion 
C)  agreeableness 
D)  conscientiousness

Question 3

Stefan is from the Czech Republic.Based on research using the Big Five personality traits,you would predict Stefan will be high in:

Accepted Answer

A)  extraversion 
B)  conscientiousness 
C)  agreeableness 
D)  openness to experience

Question 4

One of the major points Mischel makes about personality is that

Accepted Answer

A)  people behave more consistently across situations than we have thought. 
B)  many personal traits are genetically determined. 
C)  the idea of traits is fundamental to understanding personality. 
D)  people are much less consistent across situations than most theorists have assumed.

Question 5

Both behavioral and humanistic theories of personality have been criticized for being too deterministic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Luke believes it is impossible for him to do well in his calculus class,consequently he seldom spends time studying for that course.His lack of preparation for the exams has resulted in poor grades in the course.His low grades have strengthened his belief that he lacks the ability to succeed in the class.This interaction between Luke's beliefs,his behavior,and his environment illustrates the concept that Albert Bandura referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction formation. 
B)  reciprocal determinism. 
C)  unconditioned reinforcement. 
D)  overcompensation.

Question 7

The theoretical perspective emphasizing potential for growth and unique human qualities is _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theoretical perspective emphasizing potential for growth...

Question 8

The term that Albert Bandura uses to refer to the assumption that internal mental events,external environmental events,and overt behavior all influence each other is

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocal determinism. 
B)  mutual dependency. 
C)  psychic determinism. 
D)  reciprocal relativism.

Question 9

Parents in Asian cultures are MOST likely to teach their children to

Accepted Answer

A)  be self-reliant. 
B)  rely on family and friends. 
C)  feel good about themselves. 
D)  view themselves as special individuals.

Question 10

Your friend spends money like water.When you learn that he is from a poverty-stricken background,you attribute his spending patterns to his earlier deprivation.According to the critical thinking analysis,you are likely to do this because of

Accepted Answer

A)  the hindsight bias. 
B)  a self-serving attribution. 
C)  the consistency and distinctiveness of personality. 
D)  circular reasoning.

Question 11

Carl Jung proposed the existence of the ____________________,a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past; while Alfred Adler emphasizes how people strive for ____________________ to compensate for their feelings of inferiority.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carl Jung proposed the existence of the...

Question 12

Research in behavioral genetics has shown that identical twins reared apart often have similar personality traits.This result suggests that ____ contribute(s)to personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic inheritance 
B)  environmental factors 
C)  both genetic inheritance and environmental factors 
D)  neither genetic inheritance nor environmental factors

Question 13

Which of the following is one of the main criticisms of projective tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their accuracy depends on the order in which the stimuli are presented. 
B)  They are deceptive attempts to get at the unconscious. 
C)  There is inadequate evidence for the reliability of projective measures. 
D)  More effort is needed to respond to them than in the case of self-report inventories.

Question 14

Thomas describes himself as an open and relaxed individual,but people who know him well would describe Thomas as secretive and tense.According to Carl Rogers,Thomas is likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  experience incongruence. 
B)  be low in self-monitoring. 
C)  experience congruence. 
D)  be low in self-efficacy.

Question 15

The sickly child who goes on to become a forceful,physically active adult is engaging in what Adler called

Accepted Answer

A)  compensation. 
B)  displacement. 
C)  fixation. 
D)  regression.

Question 16

Dr.Hewlett believes that early childhood experiences have a strong influence on adult personality,and that our personality is largely shaped by unconscious forces.Dr.Hewlett's views most closely mirror those of the

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral perspective. 
B)  humanistic perspective. 
C)  psychodynamic perspective. 
D)  biological perspective.

Question 17

The collection of beliefs about one's own nature,unique qualities,and typical behavior is referred to as one's ____,according to Rogers.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-concept 
B)  phenomenology 
C)  state of incongruence 
D)  level of self-actualization

Question 18

Carmen has always done well in her math courses and even though she has never taken a statistics class before,she is confident she will do well in the statistics course she has signed up for next semester.In this example,Amy shows evidence of having

Accepted Answer

A)  high incongruence with respect to math. 
B)  high self-efficacy in math. 
C)  low self-efficacy in math. 
D)  a mathematical neurosis.

Question 19

Jeannie's boss has been giving her a hard time at work and she often comes home and yells at her children.Jeannie's behavior is an example of the defense mechanism of projection.

Accepted Answer