Question 1

What is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for the child with acute glomerulonephritis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Risk for Injury related to malignant process and treatment.
B)   Deficient Fluid Volume related to excessive losses.
C)   Excess Fluid Volume related to decreased plasma filtration.
D)   Excess Fluid Volume related to fluid accumulation in tissues and third spaces. C

Question 2

The nurse,caring for a child with acute renal failure,should recognize event as a sign of hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)   Dyspnea
B)   Seizure
C)   Oliguria
D)   Cardiac arrhythmia D

Question 3

Which clinical manifestation would be seen in a child with chronic renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hypotension
B)   Massive hematuria
C)   Hypokalemia
D)   Unpleasant "uremic" breath odor D

Question 4

A school-age child with chronic renal failure is admitted to the hospital with a serum potassium level of 5.2 mEq/L.Which prescribed medication should the nurse plan to administer?

Accepted Answer

A)   Spironolactone
B)   Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
C)   Lactulose
D)   Calcium carbonate

Question 5

What is the most common cause of acute renal failure in children?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pyelonephritis
B)   Tubular destruction
C)   Urinary tract obstruction
D)   Severe dehydration

Question 6

A school-age child is admitted to the hospital with acute glomerulonephritis and oliguria.Which dietary menu items should be allowed for this child? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Apples
B)   Bananas
C)   Cheese
D)   Carrot sticks
E)   Strawberries

Question 7

The narrowing of preputial opening of foreskin is referred to as what?

Accepted Answer

A)   Chordee
B)   Phimosis
C)   Epispadias
D)   Hypospadias

Question 8

What major complication is noted in a child with chronic renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hypokalemia
B)   Metabolic alkalosis
C)   Water and sodium retention
D)   Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen

Question 9

What are the primary clinical manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Oliguria
B)   Hematuria
C)   Proteinuria
D)   Hypertension
E)   Bacteriuria

Question 10

One of the clinical manifestations of chronic renal failure is uremic frost.Which best describes this term?

Accepted Answer

A)   Deposits of urea crystals in urine
B)   Deposits of urea crystals on skin
C)   Overexcretion of blood urea nitrogen
D)   Inability of body to tolerate cold temperatures

Question 11

The diet of a child with nephrosis usually includes requirement?

Accepted Answer

A)   High protein
B)   Salt restriction
C)   Low fat
D)   High carbohydrate

Question 12

The nurse is teaching the parent about the diet of a child experiencing severe edema associated with acute glomerulonephritis.Which information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Accepted Answer

A)   "You will need to decrease the number of calories in your child's diet."
B)   "Your child's diet will need an increased amount of protein."
C)   "You will need to avoid adding salt to your child's food."
D)   "Your child's diet will consist of low-fat, low-carbohydrate foods."

Question 13

The nurse closely monitors the temperature of a child diagnosed with nephrosis.The purpose of this is to detect an early sign of what undesirable outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)   Infection
B)   Hypertension
C)   Encephalopathy
D)   Edema

Question 14

The nurse is conducting teaching for an adolescent being discharged to home after a renal transplantation.The adolescent needs further teaching if which statement is made?

Accepted Answer

A)   "I will report any fever to my primary health care provider."
B)   "I am glad I only have to take the immunosuppressant medication for 2 weeks."
C)   "I will observe my incision for any redness or swelling."
D)   "I won't miss doing kidney dialysis every week."

Question 15

When a child diagnosed with chronic renal failure,the progressive deterioration produces a variety of clinical and biochemical disturbances that eventually are manifested in the clinical syndrome known as what?

Accepted Answer

A)   Uremia
B)   Oliguria
C)   Proteinuria
D)   Pyelonephritis

Question 16

A child is admitted with acute glomerulonephritis.The nurse would expect the urinalysis during this acute phase to show:

Accepted Answer

A)   bacteriuria and hematuria.
B)   hematuria and proteinuria.
C)   bacteriuria and increased specific gravity.
D)   proteinuria and decreased specific gravity.

Question 17

What should the nurse include in a teaching plan for the parents of a child with vesicoureteral reflux?

Accepted Answer

A)   The importance of taking prophylactic antibiotics
B)   Suggestions for how to maintain fluid restrictions
C)   The use of bubble baths as an incentive to increase bath time
D)   The need for the child to hold urine for 6 to 8 hours

Question 18

Which factor predisposes a child to urinary tract infections?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased fluid intake
B)   Short urethra in young girls
C)   Prostatic secretions in males
D)   Frequent emptying of the bladder

Question 19

A child with secondary enuresis who reports of dysuria or urgency should be evaluated for what condition? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Hypocalciuria
B)   Nephrotic syndrome
C)   Glomerulonephritis
D)   Urinary tract infection (UTI) 
E)   Diabetes mellitus

Question 20

The nurse is teaching parents of a child with chronic renal failure (CRF)about the use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO)subcutaneous injections.Which statement indicates the parents have understood the teaching?

Accepted Answer

A)   "These injections will help with the hypertension."
B)   "We're glad the injections only need to be given once a month."
C)   "The red blood cell count should begin to improve with these injections."
D)   "Urine output should begin to improve with these injections."

Exam 45: The Child With Genitourinary Dysfunction