Question 1

A stool specimen from a child with diarrhea shows the presence of neutrophils and red blood cells.This is most suggestive of which condition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Protein intolerance
B)   Parasitic infection
C)   Fat malabsorption
D)   Bacterial gastroenteritis D

Question 2

Therapeutic management of most children with Hirschsprung's disease is primarily:

Accepted Answer

A)   daily enemas.
B)   low-fiber diet.
C)   permanent colostomy.
D)   surgical removal of affected section of bowel. D

Question 3

What is the earliest clinical manifestation of biliary atresia?

Accepted Answer

A)   Jaundice
B)   Vomiting
C)   Hepatomegaly
D)   Absence of stooling A

Question 4

What should the nurse stress in a teaching plan for the mother of an 11-year-old diagnosed with ulcerative colitis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Preventing the spread of illness to others
B)   Nutritional guidance and preventing constipation
C)   Teaching daily use of enemas
D)   Coping with stress and avoiding triggers

Question 5

An infant diagnosed with pyloric stenosis experiences excessive vomiting that can result in which condition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hyperchloremia
B)   Hypernatremia
C)   Metabolic acidosis
D)   Metabolic alkalosis

Question 6

What food choice by the parent of a 2-year-old child with celiac disease indicates a need for further teaching?

Accepted Answer

A)   Oatmeal
B)   Rice cake
C)   Corn muffin
D)   Meat patty

Question 7

The nurse,caring for a neonate with a suspected tracheoesophageal fistula,should include what intervention into the plan of care?

Accepted Answer

A)   Elevating the head to facilitate secrete drainage.
B)   Elevating the head for feedings only.
C)   Feeding glucose water only.
D)   Avoiding suctioning unless the infant is cyanotic.

Question 8

Which statements regarding hepatitis B are correct? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Hepatitis B cannot exist in a carrier state.
B)   Hepatitis B can be prevented by hepatitis B virus vaccine.
C)   Hepatitis B can be transferred to an infant of a breastfeeding mother.
D)   The onset of hepatitis B is insidious.
E)   Immunity to hepatitis B occurs after one attack.

Question 9

The nurse is caring for an infant with suspected pyloric stenosis.Which clinical manifestation would indicate pyloric stenosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Abdominal rigidity and pain on palpation
B)   Rounded abdomen and hypoactive bowel sounds
C)   Visible peristalsis and weight loss
D)   Distention of lower abdomen and constipation

Question 10

Which type of dehydration results from water loss in excess of electrolyte loss?

Accepted Answer

A)   Isotonic dehydration
B)   Isosmotic dehydration
C)   Hypotonic dehydration
D)   Hypertonic dehydration

Question 11

Which vaccine is now recommended for the immunization of all newborns?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hepatitis A vaccine
B)   Hepatitis B vaccine
C)   Hepatitis C vaccine
D)   Hepatitis A, B, and C vaccines

Question 12

Which interventions should a nurse implement when caring for a child with hepatitis? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Provide a well-balanced, low-fat diet.
B)   Schedule playtime in the playroom with other children.
C)   Teach parents not to administer any over-the-counter medications.
D)   Arrange for home schooling because the child will not be able to return to school.
E)   Instruct parents on the importance of good hand washing.

Question 13

A mother shares with the clinic nurse that she has been giving her 4 year old the antidiarrheal drug loperamide.What conclusion should the nurse arrive at based on knowledge of this classification of drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)   Not indicated
B)   Indicated because it slows intestinal motility
C)   Indicated because it decreases diarrhea
D)   Indicated because it decreases fluid and electrolyte losses

Question 14

Constipation has recently become a problem for a school-age child who is being treated for seasonal allergies.The nurse should focus the assessment on what possibly related factor?

Accepted Answer

A)   Diet
B)   Allergies
C)   Antihistamines
D)   Emotional factors

Question 15

What condition is characterized by a chronic inflammatory process that may involve any part of the gastrointestinal (GI)tract from mouth to anus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Crohn's disease
B)   Ulcerative colitis
C)   Meckel's diverticulum
D)   Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 16

What is the primary purpose of prescribing a histamine receptor antagonist for an infant diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux?

Accepted Answer

A)   Prevent reflux
B)   Prevent hematemesis.
C)   Reduce gastric acid production.
D)   Increase gastric acid production.

Question 17

A nurse is conducting dietary teaching on high-fiber foods for parents of a child with constipation.Which foods should the nurse include as being high in fiber? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   White rice
B)   Avocados
C)   Whole grain breads
D)   Bran pancakes
E)   Raw carrots

Question 18

What is the major focus of the therapeutic management for a child with lactose intolerance?

Accepted Answer

A)   Compliance with the medication regimen
B)   Providing emotional support to family members
C)   Teaching dietary modifications
D)   Administration of daily normal saline enemas

Question 19

Which description of a stool is characteristic of intussusception?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ribbon-like stools
B)   Hard stools positive for guaiac
C)   "Currant jelly" stools
D)   Loose, foul-smelling stools

Question 20

An important nursing consideration in the care of a child with celiac disease is to facilitate which intervention?

Accepted Answer

A)   Refer to a nutritionist for detailed dietary instructions and education.
B)   Help the child and family understand that diet restrictions are usually only temporary.
C)   Teach proper hand washing and Standard Precautions to prevent disease transmission.
D)   Suggest ways to cope more effectively with stress to minimize symptoms.

Exam 41: The Child With Gastrointestinal Dysfunction