Question 1

The fact that many train commuters prefer to stand up if it means they can avoid sitting too close to strangers illustrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  social facilitation 
B)  personal space 
C)  the autokinetic effect 
D)  passive compliance

Question 2

The core of groupthink involves

Accepted Answer

A)  misguided loyalty, in which group members are hesitant to "rock the boat" or question sloppy thinking. 
B)  the halo effect, in which group members tend not to question the ideas of the physically attractive. 
C)  the fundamental attribution error, in which there is a tendency of the group members to look to external causes. 
D)  cognitive dissonance, in which there is an uncomfortable clash between ideas and behaviors within a group.

Question 3

According to the text,which of the following is a recommended technique for overcoming groupthink?

Accepted Answer

A)  Set a strict time limit for decision-making. 
B)  Encourage the leader to state his or her position at the beginning of the discussion. 
C)  Define each member's role as that of critical evaluator. 
D)  Postpone criticism of suggested solutions until consensus has been reached.

Question 4

Regarding persuasion,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Persuasion can occur during personal discussions with friends. 
B)  The success or failure of persuasion can be understood by considering the three factors of conformity, compliance, and coercion. 
C)  Persuasion involves any deliberate attempt to change attitudes or beliefs with information or arguments. 
D)  Attitude change can occur in response to external persuasion as well as the internal process of cognitive dissonance.

Question 5

The process of changing your behavior in response to another person who has little or no social power or authority is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  mere presence. 
B)  compliance. 
C)  conformity. 
D)  obedience.

Question 6

Dr.Mellos is conducting research regarding the norms concerning personal space.Dr.Mellos is interested in the field known as

Accepted Answer

A)  kinesics. 
B)  ecopsychology. 
C)  proxemics. 
D)  ergonomics.

Question 7

Even though Mattie wants her daughter Katie to use correct grammar when speaking,she does not correct Katie's grammar because she does not want to interrupt Katie as she relates winning both the English and math awards at her elementary school.Thus,Mattie is able to resolve her cognitive dissonance concerning Katie's grammar by

Accepted Answer

A)  changing the importance of the dissonant thoughts. 
B)  reducing her amount of perceived choice. 
C)  changing her attitude. 
D)  changing her behavior.

Question 8

Group sanctions may include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  attribution and social facilitation. 
B)  rejection or ostracism. 
C)  laughter or staring. 
D)  social approval or disapproval.

Question 9

Sarah thought she was getting a great deal on her first home.She later learned that the realtor did not divulge the added expenses.She felt compelled to close the deal even though she would be paying too much in the deal.Sarah succumbed to the

Accepted Answer

A)  lowball technique. 
B)  highball technique. 
C)  foot-in-the-door effect. 
D)  door-in-the-face effect.

Question 10

In 1898,the first published social psychology experiment was on the topic of

Accepted Answer

A)  compliance and was conducted by William James. 
B)  conformity and was conducted by Solomon Asch. 
C)  social facilitation and was conducted by Norman Triplett. 
D)  obedience and was conducted by Stanley Milgram.

Question 11

Much of our behavior is regulated by statutory law and the fines and imprisonment it provides for wrong-doing.Thus,much of our behavior is controlled by __________ power.

Accepted Answer

A)  coercive 
B)  referent 
C)  expert 
D)  reward

Question 12

In studies of conformity,it was demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of people who conformed increased dramatically as the majority grew from two to three people. 
B)  a lack of unanimity increases the pressure to conform. 
C)  conformity was primarily determined by the level of power held by the authority figure. 
D)  all of these occur.

Question 13

Changes in a person's behavior induced by the presence or actions of others is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  social influence. 
B)  the actor-observer bias. 
C)  ethnocentrism. 
D)  social exchange.

Question 14

The distance maintained in comfortable interactions with friends (18 inches to 4 feet)is called __________ distance.

Accepted Answer

A)  social 
B)  personal 
C)  intimate 
D)  public

Question 15

Which of the following compliance approaches works because when we deny a large request,it appears that the person who made the request has given up something,so we feel that we must repay that person by giving in to the smaller request?

Accepted Answer

A)  foot-in-the-door effect 
B)  door-in-the-face effect 
C)  lowball technique 
D)  highball technique

Question 16

Solomon Asch's classic experiment (in which subjects judged a "standard" line and "comparison" lines)showed that subjects yielded to group pressure in about what proportion of the critical test trials?

Accepted Answer

A)  one-tenth 
B)  one-fifth 
C)  one-third 
D)  one-half

Question 17

In a classic study on social facilitation that involved college students shooting pool at a student union,it was found that when being watched by others,good pool players who were confident in their pool playing

Accepted Answer

A)  became very self-conscious and their pool-playing suffered significantly. 
B)  improved their accuracy. 
C)  showed no change in their pool shooting ability. 
D)  became extreme showman and took risky shots, many of which did not pay off.

Question 18

The use of grades in the classroom or wages and bonuses on the job are applications of __________ power.

Accepted Answer

A)  coercive 
B)  reward 
C)  referent 
D)  expert

Question 19

Regarding social distance,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social distance applies to impersonal business and casual social gatherings. 
B)  Social distance keeps people within "arm's reach" of each other. 
C)  Social distance involves a range of four to 12 feet from the body. 
D)  Social distance formalizes conversation between people and eliminates most touching.

Question 20

Although coercion is the strongest form of social influence,which of the following would be the strongest of the four listed?

Accepted Answer

A)  conformity 
B)  compliance 
C)  obedience 
D)  mere presence

Exam 16: B: Social Thinking and Social Influence