Question 1

Dana made an A on a test,was asked on a date by a guy in class,and was complimented by several people on her class presentation; but then she lost her psychology notes and searches the library and the cafeteria before she remembers that she left them at home.When her mother asks how her day went,Dana wails that it was just awful and relates only the part of her day when her psychology notes were lost.According to Aaron Beck,Dana is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  all-or-nothing thinking. 
B)  selective perception. 
C)  overgeneralization. 
D)  personification.

Question 2

In the A-B-C analysis of rational-emotive behavior therapy,the letters stand for

Accepted Answer

A)  anomalous stimuli, maladaptive beliefs, congruent experiences. 
B)  activating experience, irrational beliefs, emotional consequences. 
C)  action, behavior, catharsis. 
D)  anticipated rewards, maladaptive behavior, inappropriate conduct.

Question 3

Jason has worked very hard for his company; but because of the economy,he is laid off.However,Jason sees this job loss as verification that he is a "complete and total failure" at everything - "a lousy engineer,a lousy husband,a lousy father,etc." According to Aaron Beck,Jason is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  selective perception. 
B)  incongruence. 
C)  overgeneralization. 
D)  all-or-nothing thinking.

Question 4

The most directive and the least insight-oriented of the humanistic therapies is

Accepted Answer

A)  logotherapy. 
B)  existential therapy. 
C)  Gestalt therapy. 
D)  client-centered therapy.

Question 5

Since cognitive and behavioral therapies change troublesome thoughts and behaviors,respectively,without looking for the origins of these thoughts and behaviors,these therapies would be considered __________ therapies.

Accepted Answer

A)  directive 
B)  non-directive 
C)  action 
D)  insight

Question 6

If your therapist tends to focus on issues of death,freedom,isolation,and meaninglessness,he or she would probably be classified as a(n)__________ therapist.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychodynamic 
B)  existential 
C)  Gestalt 
D)  client-centered

Question 7

Don is undergoing therapy in which the psychologist will help Don to develop an intense awareness of present experiences and will help him break through emotional impasses.Don's therapy is most likely __________ therapy.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral 
B)  client-centered 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  Gestalt

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an element of positive mental health?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased sensitivity and trust 
B)  increased self-awareness and self-control 
C)  increased dependence on other people 
D)  increased fulfillment and satisfaction in work

Question 9

If you seek counseling help from a cognitive behavior therapist,you would expect him or her to

Accepted Answer

A)  provide aversive conditioning to produce bad habits. 
B)  provide a non-threatening setting for the expression of unconscious thoughts. 
C)  help you to change inappropriate patterns of thought. 
D)  overcome fixations that occurred at earlier stages of development.

Question 10

The major goal of therapy,according to existential therapists,is to be able to

Accepted Answer

A)  focus and resolve unconscious conflicts. 
B)  uncover the client's true self. 
C)  act in connected wholes, thereby resolving one's anxiety. 
D)  make choices that will change one's life.

Question 11

Lindsay fails an accounting test.Lindsay now believes that she should probably change to a non-business major,that she should quit her part-time job at the bank,and should resign as the treasurer for the business club,even though she is quite good at all of these activities.Lindsay's behavior exemplifies the distortion of thinking cognitive therapists call

Accepted Answer

A)  all-or-nothing thinking. 
B)  personification. 
C)  overgeneralization. 
D)  selective perception.

Question 12

Regarding the talk-oriented therapies,Freud's traditional psychoanalysis and the humanistic therapy of Carl Rogers are both considered to be

Accepted Answer

A)  action therapies, while cognitive therapy is insight-oriented. 
B)  insight therapies, while cognitive therapy is action-oriented. 
C)  directive therapies, while cognitive therapy is non-directive. 
D)  non-directive therapies, while cognitive therapy is directive.

Question 13

Which form of therapy places responsibility for the course of therapy on the client?

Accepted Answer

A)  insight therapy 
B)  action therapy 
C)  directive therapy 
D)  non-directive therapy

Question 14

In the therapeutic approach known as reality therapy,clients sign contracts in which they agree to make constructive changes in their behavior and relationships.Therefore,reality therapy would best be described as a(n)__________ therapy.

Accepted Answer

A)  action 
B)  insight 
C)  non-directive 
D)  supportive

Question 15

Penelope's therapist rephrases,summarizes,and repeats the thoughts and feelings that Penelope has just expressed,acting much like a psychological "mirror" so that Penelope can see herself more clearly.Penelope's therapist is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious desensitization. 
B)  reflection. 
C)  transference. 
D)  free association.

Question 16

Anna believes that if she does not perform perfectly in all her courses that her family and friends will not love her anymore,while Ricky stays angry because life is not the way he wants it to be and feels that he is constantly being treated unfairly by everyone he meets.These two people are exhibiting the core ideas that underlie

Accepted Answer

A)  irrational beliefs. 
B)  unconscious drives. 
C)  the loss of meaningfulness. 
D)  learned helplessness.

Question 17

Research has shown which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spontaneous remission was the main reason that traditional psychoanalysis worked with a majority of patients. 
B)  Problems, such as hyperactivity and anxiety, require extensive treatment and do not improve because of a passage of time. 
C)  Psychoanalysis has been shown to produce improvement in a majority of patients. 
D)  Brief psychodynamic therapies, such as interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) have been shown to be effective with children and young adolescents, but not with adults.

Question 18

Therapists of which current therapeutic movement utilize techniques designed to enhance personal strengths,rather than "fix" weaknesses?

Accepted Answer

A)  social learning 
B)  validation 
C)  positive psychology 
D)  cognitive-behavioral

Question 19

Who is most often associated with the development of Gestalt therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fritz Perls 
B)  Carl Rogers 
C)  Abraham Maslow 
D)  Victor Frankl

Question 20

Humanistic therapies,cognitive therapies,and traditional psychoanalysis would all be considered

Accepted Answer

A)  talk-oriented approaches. 
B)  insight therapies. 
C)  action therapies. 
D)  non-directive approaches.

Exam 15: A: Therapies