Question 1

Shyness is considered to be

Accepted Answer

A)  a personality trait. 
B)  a personality type. 
C)  related to a "sensing" temperament. 
D)  a character flaw.

Question 2

If a person exhibits emotional shallowness in relationships and a disregard for social and moral standards,this person would most likely have a high score on which clinical subscale of the MMPI-2?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychopathic deviate 
B)  schizophrenia 
C)  psychasthenia 
D)  hysteria

Question 3

The study of inherited behavioral traits and tendencies is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  analytical genetics. 
B)  behavioral genetics. 
C)  inferential statistics. 
D)  statistical genetics.

Question 4

A counselor is asking Lisa a series of questions in order to find out how she is feeling and what complaints or symptoms she has,while also observing Lisa's tone of voice,hand gestures,posture,and facial expressions.The counselor is using

Accepted Answer

A)  a personality questionnaire. 
B)  a situational interview. 
C)  a diagnostic interview. 
D)  projective interviewing.

Question 5

The developmental emphasis in social learning theory is

Accepted Answer

A)  the psychosexual stages. 
B)  one's inherited temperament. 
C)  the development of the self-image. 
D)  identification and imitation.

Question 6

Psychologists subscribing to which personality theory have made the best effort to rigorously test and verify their ideas,but have been criticized for understating the impact that temperament,emotion,thinking,and subjective experience have on personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  humanistic 
B)  psychoanalytic 
C)  behaviorist 
D)  trait

Question 7

External circumstances influence the expression of a personality trait,according to

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral genetics determinants theory. 
B)  behavioral factor analysis. 
C)  trait-situation interaction. 
D)  psychodynamic theory.

Question 8

In an unstructured interview,

Accepted Answer

A)  conversation is informal. 
B)  information is obtained by asking a series of pre-planned questions. 
C)  the interviewer determines what subjects are discussed. 
D)  situational tests are employed.

Question 9

Which of the following techniques involves the observers counting the frequency of specific behaviors and recording actions,rather than just listing what traits they think the person has?

Accepted Answer

A)  situational testing 
B)  a rating scale 
C)  a behavioral assessment 
D)  projective techniques

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a clinical subscale on the MMPI-2?

Accepted Answer

A)  masculinity/femininity 
B)  social introversion 
C)  paraphilia 
D)  hysteria

Question 11

The developmental emphasis in behaviorist theory is

Accepted Answer

A)  the development of the self-image. 
B)  the psychosexual stages. 
C)  one's inherited traits. 
D)  the critical learning situations.

Question 12

In a study that compared twins to unrelated pairs of students,who were the same age and sex,the unrelated pairs of students were almost as alike as the twins.These unrelated pairs had similar political beliefs,musical interests,religious preferences,job histories,hobbies,and favorite foods.These unrelated students were so similar because

Accepted Answer

A)  the students in the study actually were similar in their genetic make-up. 
B)  they were selected through procedures that were biased in favor of the middle class. 
C)  people of the same age and sex live in the same historical times and select from similar societal options. 
D)  the pairs of twins were so dissimilar that the unrelated pairs of students appeared very similar to each other in comparison.

Question 13

Which of the following tests measures ten major aspects of personality,has validity scales,and is composed of 567 items to which a test taker must respond "true" or "false"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thematic Apperception Test 
B)  Myers-Briggs Type Indicator 
C)  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 
D)  the Rorschach

Question 14

Regarding the social learning theorists' view of personality and gender,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many "male" or "female" traits come from children's attempts to imitate a same-sex parent with whom they identify. 
B)  We can learn without direct reward by observing and remembering the actions of others. 
C)  The actions we choose to imitate depend on their outcomes. 
D)  Children are labeled as boys or girls around age two and are encouraged to learn sex-appropriate behaviors from preschool on.

Question 15

According to twin studies,the role of environment in shaping personality is

Accepted Answer

A)  small but detectable. 
B)  as much or more important than heredity. 
C)  overestimated. 
D)  negligible.

Question 16

Which of the following refers to a tendency to avoid others,as well as feelings of anxiety,preoccupation,and social inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A)  hysteria 
B)  neurosis 
C)  shyness 
D)  mania

Question 17

In order that the scores will be unaffected by the biases of the test examiner,the questions,administration,and scoring of a personality questionnaire are

Accepted Answer

A)  projective. 
B)  situationally-tested. 
C)  subjective and unstructured. 
D)  standardized.

Question 18

A CEO of a company and his associates give the prospective employees assignments to buy,sell,or start new businesses in order to predict which one will eventually be hired by the CEO's company.This technique described above illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  projective testing. 
B)  the TAT technique. 
C)  situational testing. 
D)  the halo effect.

Question 19

By measuring personality at work,at school,and in therapy,we are able to

Accepted Answer

A)  describe only people's immediate behaviors 
B)  predict how people will behave 
C)  understand and establish cause-and-effect relationships regarding people's behaviors 
D)  control and completely change people's behaviors

Question 20

According to Cheek and Buss,shyness is linked to

Accepted Answer

A)  private self-consciousness. 
B)  public self-consciousness. 
C)  having an inflated ego. 
D)  all of these.

Exam 12: C: Personality