Question 1

Which theorists explain personality through concepts,such as learning,imitation,and reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  neo-Freudians 
B)  humanists 
C)  behaviorists 
D)  psychoanalysts

Question 2

According to Rogers,we allow which of the following into awareness where they gradually change the self?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive and negative fixations 
B)  archetypes and symbolizations 
C)  organismic values. 
D)  experiences that match our self-image

Question 3

Mark is very hungry.After class,he leaves the building and sees the signs of the fast food restaurants near the college.After seeing the signs,he gets in his car to go to a restaurant to satisfy his hunger.Dollard and Miller would describe Mark's hunger as a

Accepted Answer

A)  response. 
B)  habit. 
C)  cue. 
D)  drive.

Question 4

Jada would be described as a strong,independent woman,although somewhat of a loner.According to Karen Horney,when Jada experiences conflict at work,she will be most likely to exhibit which mode of interacting?

Accepted Answer

A)  moving toward 
B)  moving away 
C)  moving against 
D)  moving alone

Question 5

To think of oneself as being a good,lovable,worthwhile person is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  positive self-regard. 
B)  the ideal self. 
C)  narcissism. 
D)  incongruence.

Question 6

Horney believed that emotional health reflects

Accepted Answer

A)  a balance in moving toward, away from, and against others. 
B)  the ability to overcome feelings of inferiority through compensation. 
C)  achieve a balance between one's introversion and extroversion. 
D)  a congruence between one's real self and ideal self.

Question 7

Which of the following aspects of Freud's theory has NOT been challenged by new research?

Accepted Answer

A)  his portrayal of the elementary school years as free from sexuality and unimportant for personality development 
B)  his idea that a stern or threatening father was important in the development of a strong conscience in males 
C)  his identification of feeding, toilet training, and early sexual experiences as critical events in personality formation 
D)  his belief that patients' reports of sexual abuse were really childhood fantasies

Question 8

Regarding the malleability of traits,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  In general, our personality traits are relatively stable characteristics. 
B)  Students high in the traits of extraversion and agreeableness tend to embrace the carefree college lifestyle, while students high in conscientiousness will find it easier to study hard while in college. 
C)  As people age, they tend to become more agreeable, conscientious, and emotionally stable. 
D)  You are more likely to become the possible self that you imagine the more general, idealized, and less detailed you make your narrative about this possible self.

Question 9

According to Rotter's social learning theory,the attachment of different values to various activities or rewards is called

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement value. 
B)  expectancy. 
C)  self-reinforcement. 
D)  self-efficacy.

Question 10

According to Horney,which of the following occurs when people feel isolated and helpless in a hostile world?

Accepted Answer

A)  basic anxiety 
B)  an existential crisis 
C)  an identity crisis 
D)  moral anxiety

Question 11

Like Freud,Jung called the conscious part of the personality the

Accepted Answer

A)  ego. 
B)  persona. 
C)  archetype. 
D)  libido.

Question 12

Self-actualization refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a tendency that causes human personality problems. 
B)  the process of admitting an experience to awareness. 
C)  anyone who is making full use of his or her potentials. 
D)  the requirements necessary for becoming famous, academically distinguished, or rich.

Question 13

According to Jung,the archetype that represents the female principle is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  ego ideal. 
B)  persona. 
C)  anima. 
D)  animus.

Question 14

Behavioral personality theorists

Accepted Answer

A)  stress the role of the unconscious. 
B)  accept the idea that personality is made up of central and secondary traits. 
C)  believe personality is made up of responses to specific situations. 
D)  would view traits as stable in all situations.

Question 15

Seligman and Peterson's study of the six human strengths that contribute to well-being and life satisfaction would be considered a topic of

Accepted Answer

A)  trait-situation interaction. 
B)  positive psychology. 
C)  psychodynamic psychology. 
D)  social learning.

Question 16

At lunch,a friend responds to something you said with a sarcastic comeback.Whether you interpret your friend's remark as mean-spirited and hurtful,or as an example of your friend's cutting brand of humor,will be important in explaining your next response.Julian Rotter called this interpretation

Accepted Answer

A)  self-efficacy. 
B)  the psychological situation. 
C)  the expectancy. 
D)  the reinforcement value.

Question 17

Which of the following remained faithful to most of Freud's theory,but resisted his more mechanistic,biological,and instinctual ideas,especially Freud's claim that "anatomy is destiny" and that males were dominant or superior to females?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rotter 
B)  Jung 
C)  Allport 
D)  Horney

Question 18

The role "possible selves" play in our lives is to

Accepted Answer

A)  provide a basis for comparing self-image and true self. 
B)  give us models for identification. 
C)  direct our behavior toward an imagined future. 
D)  remind us that all things are always possible.

Question 19

In Adler's view,the main driving force in personality is a striving for

Accepted Answer

A)  enlightenment. 
B)  sophistication. 
C)  introspection. 
D)  superiority.

Question 20

The Jungian term for Freud's concept of the unconscious is the

Accepted Answer

A)  persona. 
B)  personal unconscious. 
C)  collective unconscious. 
D)  preconscious.

Exam 12: B: Personality