Question 1

Which theory explains how one type of pain will sometimes cancel another?

Accepted Answer

A)  gate control theory 
B)  sensory conflict theory 
C)  sensory adaptation theory 
D)  lock-and-key theory

Question 2

Regarding the experience of pain,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acupuncture has been shown to cure diseases and produce long-term pain relief in 40 to 80 percent of the people tested. 
B)  Phantom limb pain occurs because the neuromatrix interprets other sensory experiences as pain from the missing limb. 
C)  Acupuncture needles activate the large pain fibers, which close the spinal gate directly. 
D)  Phantom limb pain is best explained by the gate control theory.

Question 3

Regarding aspects of pain,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Warning system pain is carried by small nerve fibers. 
B)  Warning pain quickly disappears. 
C)  Children who are born with a rare inherited insensitivity to pain repeatedly burn themselves, break bones, bite their tongues, and become ill without knowing it. 
D)  Warning pain is a signal that the body has been, or is about to be, damaged.

Question 4

Which of the following is an evolutionary explanation for the development of motion sickness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Poisons disturb the vestibulary and vision systems, resulting in nausea and vomiting to expel the poison. 
B)  When humans evolved, the vestibular senses became less important, thereby degenerating. 
C)  The brain developed an increased capacity for thought, thereby taking over some of the cortex previously used for perception of motion. 
D)  Man evolved on land and has not developed a complex three-dimensional sense of motion that sea-born creatures have.

Question 5

Closure,nearness,similarity,and continuation are categories of

Accepted Answer

A)  Gestalt organizing principles. 
B)  Piagetian cognitive styles. 
C)  Humanistic subjective perceptions. 
D)  perceptual integration.

Question 6

Regarding phantom limb sensations,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Functional MRI confirms that sensory and motor areas of the brain are more active when a person feels a phantom limb. 
B)  Sometimes "phantom limbs" feel like they are stuck in awkward positions. 
C)  When people lose an arm, they may at first have a phantom arm and hand, while many years later, the phantom may shrink, until only a hand is felt at the shoulder. 
D)  Phantom limb sensations and the effects of acupuncture can both be explained by the sensory conflict theory.

Question 7

Regarding olfaction,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  In humans, about 1000 types of smell receptors are believed to exist. 
B)  Humans can detect at least 10,000 different odors. 
C)  The loss of sensitivity to a specific type of odor is known as agnosia. 
D)  Specific shapes of molecules have been found to produce different odors, such as floral, camphoric, musky, minty, and etherish.

Question 8

If you look at a cloud,you may discover dozens of ways to organize its contours into fanciful shapes and scenes.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  visual illusions. 
B)  texture gradient. 
C)  ambiguous stimuli. 
D)  aerial perspective.

Question 9

The differing smell qualities are

Accepted Answer

A)  only divided into four basic categories: floral, musky, minty, and ethereal. 
B)  the result of a gate-control system that filters the various scents. 
C)  the result of molecules activating different combinations of odor receptors. 
D)  dependent on the gustatory sense to produce the many different odors.

Question 10

If you have a total loss of your olfactory sense,you have a condition called

Accepted Answer

A)  anosmia. 
B)  anhedonia. 
C)  tinnitus. 
D)  agnosia.

Question 11

An initial guess or plan about how to organize a stimulus pattern is referred to as a

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive style. 
B)  perceptual hypothesis. 
C)  sensory hypothesis. 
D)  perceptual closure.

Question 12

The skin has approximately how many nerve endings for touch and pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  200,000 
B)  500,000 
C)  one million 
D)  three million

Question 13

Normal conversation is usually __________ decibels.

Accepted Answer

A)  20 
B)  40 
C)  60 
D)  80

Question 14

Regarding size constancy,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Size constancy is a completely innate ability. 
B)  Size constancy is completely based on prior experience and learning. 
C)  Some of size constancy is innate, while it is also affected by learning. 
D)  Scientists have not conducted research to determine whether size constancy is innate or learned.

Question 15

Every time Becky goes to the dentist,she arranges a signal with the doctor that will let him know that she would like him to stop the procedure for a few moments.This signal

Accepted Answer

A)  will create a distraction for the doctor, helping him to minimize pain. 
B)  is an application of the lock-and-key theory of pain. 
C)  is an application of the counterirritation method for controlling pain. 
D)  will allow Becky to regulate and control the painful stimulus, so she will suffer less.

Question 16

Cochlear implants are most appropriate for treating

Accepted Answer

A)  conductive hearing loss. 
B)  sensorineural hearing loss. 
C)  hearing loss causes by damage to the auditory ossicles. 
D)  anosmia.

Question 17

A hallucination is

Accepted Answer

A)  another name for an illusion. 
B)  a distorted or misleading perception of stimuli that actually exists. 
C)  a perception of objects or events that have no external reality. 
D)  characterized by none of these.

Question 18

Which theory explains that pain messages from different nerve fibers pass through the same neural area in the spinal cord and that if the gate is "closed" by one pain message,other messages may not be able to pass through?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory adaptation 
B)  sensory conflict 
C)  gate control theory 
D)  lock and key theory

Question 19

The vestibular sense helps keep us from

Accepted Answer

A)  eating too much. 
B)  starving to death. 
C)  being blinded by the sun. 
D)  falling over.

Question 20

Many people become nauseated the first time they experience virtual reality because it

Accepted Answer

A)  causes too many endorphins to be released. 
B)  creates a sensory conflict. 
C)  creates a paradoxical intention. 
D)  does not activate the lock-and-key mechanism within their vestibular system.

Exam 4: B: Sensation and Perception