Question 1

Slater is unconsciously attracted to Kelly,but he already has a girlfriend.When Screech accuses Slater of being attracted to Kelly,Slater says,"No way,man! We're just friends,that's all!" What ego defense mechanism is Slater exhibiting?

Accepted Answer

A)  projection 
B)  denial 
C)  compensation 
D)  reaction formation

Question 2

After his girlfriend rejects his sexual advances,Elsworth goes to the park and plays the best game of basketball he's ever played.Elsworth's sexual energy could have been unconsciously converted to athletic prowess,according to which psychodynamic defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  sublimation 
B)  displacement 
C)  projection 
D)  reaction formation

Question 3

Dr.Wombles considers himself a psychodynamic personality theorist,but he believes that an individual's early relationships with significant people are more important than instinctual sexual impulses in shaping personality.Dr.Wombles focuses on the importance of ____ on personality development.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychosocial stages 
B)  object relations 
C)  archetypes 
D)  extraversion

Question 4

Eddie and Elaine both fail their first psychology quiz.Eddie decides that the questions aren't fair,whereas Elaine responds by working much harder.According to Rotter's expectancy theory,Eddie is probably ____ and Elaine is probably ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an internal; an external 
B)  an external; an internal 
C)  a reactor; a reciprocator 
D)  a reciprocator; a reactor

Question 5

According to Rotter's expectancy theory,a person's decision to engage in a behavior is determined by what the person expects to happen following the behavior and by the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction of anxiety 
B)  conditions of worth the individual has created 
C)  value the person places on the outcome 
D)  relatively stable traits the individual possesses

Question 6

Oedipus has gotten over his unconscious desire for his mother and is consciously experiencing strong sexual feelings for girls his own age.According to Freud's psychosexual stages,Oedipus is most likely in the ____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  oral 
B)  anal 
C)  phallic 
D)  genital

Question 7

Whenever Kendra's three-year-old son,Paul,spits his food onto the floor,she takes the time to tell him that she loves him,but she does not like it when he spits his food on the floor.Kendra wants to avoid creating ____ for Paul.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditions of evaluation 
B)  growth orientations 
C)  deficiency orientations 
D)  conditions of worth

Question 8

Larry is always talking on the phone,eating,drinking,smoking,or biting his fingernails.According to Freud,Larry is probably ____ fixated.

Accepted Answer

A)  orally 
B)  phallically 
C)  anally 
D)  genitally

Question 9

Felix has always been attracted to his best friend's girlfriend Rita.From all outward appearances,though,Felix seems to really dislike Rita.Felix is likely employing what defense mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reaction formation 
B)  Displacement 
C)  Sublimation 
D)  Repression

Question 10

Which psychological approach states that being able to effectively resolve internal conflicts leads to normal,adaptive behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychodynamic 
B)  cognitive behavioral 
C)  trait 
D)  humanistic

Question 11

Janice is explaining that her friend cannot understand how she feels.She says,"We all have our own unique perspectives on the world-none of us sees the world in the same way." In making this statement,Janice is adopting a(n)____ approach to personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  humanistic psychology 
B)  trait 
C)  behaviorist 
D)  eclectic

Question 12

Karson's parents always told him he was stupid,and he developed a fear of appearing stupid to other people.As a result,Karson works very hard at school.According to Freud,Karson's hard work in school is an example of the ____ defense mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A)  rationalization 
B)  compensation 
C)  sublimation 
D)  projection

Question 13

You are listening to a psychologist describe her approach to personality.She argues that through past learning,expectations about event outcomes are formed.Further,she suggests that one must consider the person,the environment,and the person-environment interaction.This psychologist follows a ____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  social-cognitive 
B)  psychodynamic 
C)  trait 
D)  humanistic

Question 14

Gary is a very sloppy person.His side of the dorm room is always a mess,with clothing thrown all over the floor.In contrast,his roommate,Rajesh,is an extremely neat person.For Rajesh,everything on his side of the room must be in its place,with CDs organized alphabetically.Freud would say Gary is fixated in the ____ stage,and Rajesh is fixated in the ____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  anal; anal 
B)  oral; oral 
C)  oral; anal 
D)  phallic; oral

Question 15

As a child,Raoul loved to prance around the neighborhood wearing silly outfits.As he gets older,he realizes that he can't continue this kind of behavior unless he finds some way for it to be viewed as more socially acceptable.Thus,Raoul decides to pursue a career as a circus clown.According to Freud,Raoul's ____,which operates on the ____ principle,is responsible for finding a socially acceptable outlet for his desire to run around wearing silly outfits.

Accepted Answer

A)  id; pleasure 
B)  ego; reality 
C)  superego; morality 
D)  defense mechanism; denial

Question 16

Carl Rogers suggests that personality is the expression of ____ as it unfolds in each person's unique perceived reality.

Accepted Answer

A)  locus of control 
B)  growth orientation 
C)  conditions of worth 
D)  the actualizing tendency

Question 17

After filling out a personality test,students are given individual personality profiles.Most state that their profiles are fairly good descriptions of themselves,and they are amazed to discover that they had all received the same profile.This illustrates one of the main criticisms of the ____ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychodynamic 
B)  trait 
C)  cognitive behavioral 
D)  humanistic psychology

Question 18

Mookie is outgoing and sociable,seeks excitement,and loves a good time.According to Eysenck,Mookie's personality is a result of all of the following except ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  his bodily reactions to stress 
B)  the sensitivity of his nervous system to environmental stimulation 
C)  his genetic and biological uniqueness 
D)  his level of self-efficacy

Question 19

One benefit of using projective personality tests instead of nonprojective personality tests is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher difficulty for the respondent to guess the "correct" answer 
B)  higher validity and reliability of projective tests 
C)  ease with which projective tests can be administered 
D)  ease of interpreting scores and responses

Question 20

Val pries open her sister's diary and is shocked to read that her sister believes Val is an anxious,nervous,and tense person.Upset at this discovery,Val takes a personality test to prove she does not rate high on the dimension of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  agreeableness 
B)  neuroticism 
C)  introversion 
D)  conscientiousness

Exam 13: Personality