Question 1

Researchers conduct the same experiment fifteen times,and each time,they obtain the same results.We can conclude that their data are probably ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  archival 
B)  biased 
C)  valid 
D)  reliable

Question 2

Which example lends the strongest support to an environmental explanation of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bright children take better advantage of their environmental resources. 
B)  Siblings raised in different homes have IQs of 100 to 120. 
C)  Children with intellectual disabilities who are moved from institutions into adoptive homes have an average gain of 30 IQ points. 
D)  Minority groups in the United States have a mean IQ that is 15 points below the mean of the majority.

Question 3

Jennifer's daughter,Christy,has just "graduated" from the local Head Start program.This fall,she will start kindergarten.According to current thinking about the maintenance of gains from early enrichment programs,which outcome is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  If Jennifer makes sure Christy continues to get proper nutrition, Christy will continue through high school to perform better than her peers who did not participate in Head Start. 
B)  The gains Christy made on her IQ score while in the program will likely diminish after a year or two. 
C)  If Jennifer encourages Christy to feel motivated and positive about school, Christy will continue to benefit from her Head Start experience. 
D)  Christy will continue to reap the benefits of Head Start throughout her academic career.

Question 4

Norms for a new test of mental ability were obtained from a large sample of the general population.The mean of the test was set to 100 and the standard deviation was 15.Approximately what percentage of the population would fall within the range bounded by scores of 85 and 115?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 percent 
B)  68 percent 
C)  2 percent 
D)  98 percent

Question 5

Zeke and Zach are identical twins raised in the same house.Peter and Paul are identical twins raised apart.Tim and Tom are non-twin brothers who are raised together.Laverne and Shirley are nonidentical twins raised together.Which pair is most likely to have the least similar IQ scores?

Accepted Answer

A)  Zeke and Zach 
B)  Peter and Paul 
C)  Tim and Tom 
D)  Laverne and Shirley

Question 6

Smedley has a theory that intelligence is related to body temperature.He uses an oral thermometer to measure intelligence.His data most likely have____ statistical reliability and ____ statistical validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  poor; poor 
B)  good; good 
C)  poor; good 
D)  good; poor

Question 7

To win at the game Jeopardy!a player must know facts about a variety of subjects.Which individual would you want to play for your team?

Accepted Answer

A)  Angela, who is cognitively complex 
B)  Barnie, a master of convergent thinking 
C)  Claudette, who has great crystallized intelligence 
D)  Dick, who is extremely proficient in metacognition

Question 8

According to Charles Spearman,scores of cognitive ability are the result of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary mental abilities 
B)  general and special intelligences 
C)  fluid and crystallized intelligence 
D)  information processing

Question 9

Bill and Ted had an excellent time-travel adventure back to 1916.To come back to the present,Bill (who is a little below average in intelligence)needs a score of 115 on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale.Bill has to convince Professor Terman that he is ____than he actually is because the Stanford-Binet IQ was calculated as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  younger; (chronological age/mental age) × 100 
B)  older; (mental age/chronological age) × 100 
C)  younger; (mental age/chronological age) × 100 
D)  older; (chronological age/mental age) × 100

Question 10

A study on cognitive abilities compared data collected simultaneously from people of different ages.A major confounding variable in this type of study is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the typically high attrition rate 
B)  the Hawthorne effect 
C)  that there is no control group 
D)  that experiential differences might account for IQ score differences

Question 11

Mark is asked to use his reasoning skills to solve a problem.Jean is asked a specific knowledge question.According to Cattell,Mark will most likely use ____intelligence,while Jean will most likely use ____intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  crystallized; fluid 
B)  fluid; crystallized 
C)  general; specific 
D)  specific; general

Question 12

At a school board meeting,there is a debate as to whether or not the schools should have children who are developmentally disabled taught in the same classrooms as their peers who do not have cognitive disabilities.The effectiveness of this type of ____is still highly debated.

Accepted Answer

A)  second-order conditioning 
B)  latent learning 
C)  systematic desensitization 
D)  inclusion

Question 13

Diti tries to study the structure of intelligence by analyzing test scores.Diti most likely follows the ____approach to intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychometric 
B)  ecological 
C)  information-processing 
D)  multiple intelligences

Question 14

You are developing an intelligence test based on Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.You focus on aspects of intelligence not measured well by traditional IQ tests.Therefore,you will likely ignore ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  musical intelligence 
B)  body-kinesthetic intelligence 
C)  logical-mathematical intelligence 
D)  knowledge and understanding of oneself and one's relations to others

Question 15

Miguel was diagnosed as being intellectually disabled at a very early age.It was predicted that he would be able to develop vocal communication with rigorous teaching and attention,but that he would require around-the-clock supervision and little benefit would be gained from schooling.Miguel would be classified as havinga____ intellectual disability.

Accepted Answer

A)  mild 
B)  moderate 
C)  severe 
D)  profound

Question 16

Ebony took the Aptitude to Succeed in College (ASC)test when she was a high school senior and scored very low.She went to college anyway and graduated with an A average.For kicks,she takes the ASC again during her senior year in college.Again,she scores very low on it.Therefore,we can reasonably assume that the ASC has good statistical____but poor statistical____.

Accepted Answer

A)  validity; reliability 
B)  reliability; validity 
C)  predictive ability; validity 
D)  validity; predictive ability

Question 17

Dana is excellent in Trivial Pursuit,a game that measures knowledge gained over a lifetime.Dana's success in Trivial Pursuit is a reflection of her ____intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid 
B)  crystallized 
C)  process 
D)  intrapersonal

Question 18

Anita is hoping to have an intelligent baby,and because you have taken psychology,she asks you for information about the brain.Assuming that the information-processing model of intelligence is correct,which brain attribute would you highlight as most important for intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  large size 
B)  high speed 
C)  numerous sulci and gyri 
D)  extensive lateralization

Question 19

You are baffled about how to untangle the influence of heredity and environment on intelligence.According to your text,you should ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  do a longitudinal study where you give people IQ tests every two years from infancy to early adulthood 
B)  calculate the IQ of parents and their offspring, which would show the influence of the environment 
C)  measure and compare the IQs of identical twins, of fraternal twins, and of siblings reared either together or separately 
D)  map the genes responsible for intelligence

Question 20

Psychologist Raymond Cattell would say that playing a game involving inductive and deductive reasoning ability,such as chess,primarily requires ____.He also would say that taking a test of geographical knowledge would primarily involve ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  divergent thinking; parallel distributed processing 
B)  crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence 
C)  fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence 
D)  parallel distributed processing; divergent thinking

Exam 8: Intelligence