Question 1

The boss tells the narrator, "I'll bet you think we're going to operate on you and remove your brain just like we removed Harry's, don't you? But you have nothing to worry about. We're not going to remove your brain. ..."

Accepted Answer

A)  You are really Harry! 
B)  We already did-three months ago! 
C)  We have enough brains already! 
D)  Your brain is defective anyway!

Question 2

Zagzebski tells us that, "a situation in which a person forms a true belief on the basis of simple perception or memory or testimony, and does so automatically, with no reflection," is called ...

Accepted Answer

A)  "rule of thumb." 
B)  "easy knowledge." 
C)  "fallacious knowledge." 
D)  "soft determinism."

Question 3

Augustine says, "we perceive the things outside of us-colors by seeing, sounds by hearing, smells by smelling, tastes by tasting, hard and soft objects by touching-of all which sensible objects it is the actual objects which we perceive perfectly."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What is Augustine's reply to the arguments of the Academicians [skeptics], who say, "What if you are deceived?" Do you agree with Augustine's reply? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is Augustine's reply to the arguments...

Question 5

Give some examples of Hume's distinction between relations of ideas and matters of fact.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give some examples of Hume's distinction between...

Question 6

Explain why Longino advocates a research program in neuroscience and psychology proceeding on the assumption that humans do possess the capacities for self-consciousness, self-reflection, and self-determination.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why Longino advocates a research program...

Question 7

In the tale that is being told, Harry is ...

Accepted Answer

A)  injected with something that made him lose consciousness almost immediately. 
B)  bound and gagged so he couldn't yell for help. 
C)  hit over the head with a blunt instrument. 
D)  interrogated and then set free.

Question 8

Describe some of the differences between dreams and waking illusions that MacDonald develops in the reading.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe some of the differences between dreams...

Question 9

Kant describes synthetic judgments as those "in which the connection of the predicate with the subject is cogitated with identity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Explain the basic tenets of "value-free science."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the basic tenets of "value-free science."...

Question 11

Pollock says, "The skeptic is not just questioning our beliefs. He is also questioning the _______________ by which we arrive at our beliefs, and if we start all over again we will still be employing the same _______________."

Accepted Answer

A)  basis of logic; skeptical framework 
B)  cognitive processes; cognitive processes 
C)  whole idea of truth; negative theory 
D)  idea of certainty; theory of abstraction

Question 12

Gettier outlines the general form of the conditions for someone knowing a given proposition as the following: S knows that P, if and only if (1) P is true, (2) S believes that P, and (3) ...

Accepted Answer

A)  S has a valid proof of P. 
B)  P is a fact. 
C)  S is justified in believing that P. 
D)  P follows with a high degree of probability.

Question 13

Koertge tells us that when scientists typically structure their search by working within a metaphysical or theoretical framework that has proved fruitful in the past, utilizing a variety of heuristic principles, which they believe will lead them to the most plausible candidates to a solution to their problems, they are working within a normative and ethical program.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

For Leibniz, the senses give us particular or individual truths.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Longino explains that theoretical statements contain, as fundamental descriptive terms, terms that do not occur in the description of data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Hume says, "all arguments concerning existence are founded on the relation of cause and effect; that our knowledge of that relation is derived entirely from experience; and that all our experimental conclusions proceed upon the supposition that the future will be conformable to the past. To endeavor, therefore, the proof of this last supposition by probable arguments, or arguments regarding existence, must be evidently going in a circle, and taking that for granted, which is the very point in question." How does Hume support this claim?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hume says, "all arguments concerning existence are...

Question 17

Social construction or constructivist epistemology refer to those laws of science that are immutable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

According to Astell, what are the distinguishing characteristics of opinion?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Astell, what are the distinguishing...

Question 19

Why does MacDonald claim that "It makes sense to say, 'Banquo's ghost appeared at the banquet,' but it would be nonsense to say 'My dream of Westminster Abbey appeared between the window and the wardrobe'"? Do you agree with MacDonald? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does MacDonald claim that "It makes...

Question 20

Explain what Zagzebski means when she says, "I propose that knowledge is the epistemically conscientious attainment of truth."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what Zagzebski means when she says,...

Exam 2: Plato Knowledge Is Recollection

The boss tells the narrator, "I'll bet you think we're going to operate on you and remove your brain just like we removed Harry's, don't you? But you have nothing to worry about. We're not going to remove your brain. ..."

Zagzebski tells us that, "a situation in which a person forms a true belief on the basis of simple perception or memory or testimony, and does so automatically, with no reflection," is called ...

Augustine says, "we perceive the things outside of us-colors by seeing, sounds by hearing, smells by smelling, tastes by tasting, hard and soft objects by touching-of all which sensible objects it is the actual objects which we perceive perfectly."

What is Augustine's reply to the arguments of the Academicians [skeptics], who say, "What if you are deceived?" Do you agree with Augustine's reply? Explain your answer.

Give some examples of Hume's distinction between relations of ideas and matters of fact.

Explain why Longino advocates a research program in neuroscience and psychology proceeding on the assumption that humans do possess the capacities for self-consciousness, self-reflection, and self-determination.

In the tale that is being told, Harry is ...

Describe some of the differences between dreams and waking illusions that MacDonald develops in the reading.

Kant describes synthetic judgments as those "in which the connection of the predicate with the subject is cogitated with identity.

Explain the basic tenets of "value-free science."

Pollock says, "The skeptic is not just questioning our beliefs. He is also questioning the _ by which we arrive at our beliefs, and if we start all over again we will still be employing the same _."

Gettier outlines the general form of the conditions for someone knowing a given proposition as the following: S knows that P, if and only if (1) P is true, (2) S believes that P, and (3) ...

For Leibniz, the senses give us particular or individual truths.

Longino explains that theoretical statements contain, as fundamental descriptive terms, terms that do not occur in the description of data.

Social construction or constructivist epistemology refer to those laws of science that are immutable.

According to Astell, what are the distinguishing characteristics of opinion?

Why does MacDonald claim that "It makes sense to say, 'Banquo's ghost appeared at the banquet,' but it would be nonsense to say 'My dream of Westminster Abbey appeared between the window and the wardrobe'"? Do you agree with MacDonald? Explain your answer.

Explain what Zagzebski means when she says, "I propose that knowledge is the epistemically conscientious attainment of truth."