Question 1

Explain Peirce's ideas regarding the method of fixing belief called the method of authority.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain Peirce's ideas regarding the method of...

Question 2

According to Peirce, "the sole object of inquiry is the settlement of opinion."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Frank says he believes that the deadlock in the discussion is simply due to the fact that he and the Epistemologist mean different things by the word "belief." In other words, that the entire difference is purely ...

Accepted Answer

A)  physical. 
B)  semantical. 
C)  psychological. 
D)  metaphysical.

Question 4

What is Locke's argument against the belief that the use of reason is necessary to discover innate principles?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is Locke's argument against the belief...

Question 5

For Locke, "innate principles or ideas" ...

Accepted Answer

A)  do not exist. 
B)  are discoverable through self-reflection. 
C)  allow our minds to interact with physical objects. 
D)  are the basis for all universal truths.

Question 6

Augustine concludes that "as I know that I am, so I know this also, that ..."

Accepted Answer

A)  God exists. 
B)  I know. 
C)  physical objects exist. 
D)  my soul is immortal.

Question 7

MacDonald tells us, "there are procedures for determining whether any waking perception is veridical or illusory. One perception is checked or corrected by others." These procedures are constantly and deliberately employed when a perception is doubted. If I want to determine whether a rock is near me, then I can try to touch it in order to prove that the object is, or is not, real. From this discussion, MacDonald concludes that this is logically impossible in a dream. Do you agree with MacDonald? Explain your answer.

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The answer of MacDonald tells us, "there are procedures for...

Question 8

Peirce claims that throughout history one of the chief means of upholding theological and political doctrines has been the use of the method of fixing belief called the method of creation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Why does Descartes believe in a God that is "supremely good and the fountain of truth" while a "malignant demon . . . has employed all his artifice to deceive [him]"? Why doesn't Descartes see these two entities as one and the same?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does Descartes believe in a God...

Question 10

Peirce says, "The irritation of doubt causes a struggle to attain a state of belief. I shall term this struggle ..."

Accepted Answer

A)  inquiry. 
B)  proof. 
C)  deduction. 
D)  abstraction.

Question 11

Outline Leibniz's arguments regarding the question of whether the soul in itself is entirely empty, or else we are born with certain innate principles and ideas.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Outline Leibniz's arguments regarding the question of...

Question 12

Longino calls the values that are personal, social, and cultural, those group or individual preferences about what ought to be, ...

Accepted Answer

A)  constitutive values. 
B)  contextual values. 
C)  figurative values. 
D)  transformational values.

Question 13

Explain Peirce's ideas regarding the method of fixing belief called the method of tenacity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain Peirce's ideas regarding the method of...

Question 14

For Peirce, if a person goes through life "systematically keeping out of view all that might cause a change in his opinions" uses the method of fixing belief called the method of authority.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Koertge calls the process in which scientists choose research problems and develop strategies for formulating tentative solutions to them the ...

Accepted Answer

A)  context of historiography. 
B)  context of intervention. 
C)  context of discovery. 
D)  context of justification.

Question 16

Why does Descartes place so much emphasis on the certainty of beliefs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does Descartes place so much emphasis...

Question 17

Leibniz says, "since there is in ourselves being, unity, substance, duration, change, action, perception, pleasure, and a thousand other objects of our intellectual ideas," we can conclude ...

Accepted Answer

A)  that these ideas are innate in us. 
B)  that God has placed these ideas in us. 
C)  that these ideas came about through our sense perceptions. 
D)  achieving certainty in our beliefs is not possible.

Question 18

Augustine says, "we both are, and know that we are, and delight in our being, and our knowledge of it. Moreover, in these three things no true-seeming illusion disturbs us" because we do not come into contact with these by some bodily sense.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Outline some of Hume's arguments for his claim that we come to expect that the future will resemble the past because of custom or habit.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Outline some of Hume's arguments for his...

Question 20

Zagzebski says, "What I mean by epistemic conscientiousness is creating a valid deductive argument from strong premises."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: Plato Knowledge Is Recollection

Explain Peirce's ideas regarding the method of fixing belief called the method of authority.

According to Peirce, "the sole object of inquiry is the settlement of opinion."

Frank says he believes that the deadlock in the discussion is simply due to the fact that he and the Epistemologist mean different things by the word "belief." In other words, that the entire difference is purely ...

What is Locke's argument against the belief that the use of reason is necessary to discover innate principles?

For Locke, "innate principles or ideas" ...

Augustine concludes that "as I know that I am, so I know this also, that ..."

Peirce claims that throughout history one of the chief means of upholding theological and political doctrines has been the use of the method of fixing belief called the method of creation.

Why does Descartes believe in a God that is "supremely good and the fountain of truth" while a "malignant demon . . . has employed all his artifice to deceive [him]"? Why doesn't Descartes see these two entities as one and the same?

Peirce says, "The irritation of doubt causes a struggle to attain a state of belief. I shall term this struggle ..."

Outline Leibniz's arguments regarding the question of whether the soul in itself is entirely empty, or else we are born with certain innate principles and ideas.

Longino calls the values that are personal, social, and cultural, those group or individual preferences about what ought to be, ...

Explain Peirce's ideas regarding the method of fixing belief called the method of tenacity.

For Peirce, if a person goes through life "systematically keeping out of view all that might cause a change in his opinions" uses the method of fixing belief called the method of authority.

Koertge calls the process in which scientists choose research problems and develop strategies for formulating tentative solutions to them the ...

Why does Descartes place so much emphasis on the certainty of beliefs?

Leibniz says, "since there is in ourselves being, unity, substance, duration, change, action, perception, pleasure, and a thousand other objects of our intellectual ideas," we can conclude ...

Augustine says, "we both are, and know that we are, and delight in our being, and our knowledge of it. Moreover, in these three things no true-seeming illusion disturbs us" because we do not come into contact with these by some bodily sense.

Outline some of Hume's arguments for his claim that we come to expect that the future will resemble the past because of custom or habit.

Zagzebski says, "What I mean by epistemic conscientiousness is creating a valid deductive argument from strong premises."