Question 1

A child is admitted to the pediatric unit with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).Which action by the nurse is best for infection control?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adhere to policy on hand hygiene. 
B)  Do not assign pregnant caregivers. 
C)  Place the child in contact isolation. 
D)  Use meticulous standard precautions.

Question 2

Parents of a 3-year-old call the clinic and ask for information on sinusitis.Which symptoms will the nurse include in the explanation to the parents?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Cold" lasting more than 5 days 
B)  Cough worse when lying down 
C)  Periorbital swelling 
D)  Postnasal drip 
E)  Thin, clear nasal discharge.

Question 3

A father brings his 1-year-old son to the clinic and states that when he kisses the child's cheek,it tastes salty.Which diagnostic test does the nurse educate the father on based on the father's statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Large bowel barium series 
B)  Pancreatic enzyme analysis 
C)  Pulmonary function studies 
D)  Quantitative sweat chloride test

Question 4

A 5-month-old child is brought to the pediatric clinic by the parent,who reports the child has had a cough for 4 weeks.When reviewing the child's history,the nurse assesses that the child's last DTaP vaccination was at 2 months of age.Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inform the provider that both child and parent need antibiotics. 
B)  Make an appointment for the next vaccination at 6 months. 
C)  Obtain nasal washings for a culture and PCR testing. 
D)  Weigh and measure the child; document all findings in the chart.

Question 5

A nurse is educating the parents of a 5-year-old with bacterial otitis media.Which discharge instruction is most important?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Bring her back if she is not better in 1 week." 
B)  "Do not allow your child to swim in the future." 
C)  "Give the full course of antibiotics even if she is better." 
D)  "Ice packs are a good way to manage her ear pain."

Question 6

Four children are in the pediatric clinic waiting to be seen.Which patient should the nurse see first?

Accepted Answer

A)  Afebrile, parent reports harsh barky cough 
B)  Pulling on ear, temperature 103°F (39.5°
C)  
C)  Salty-tasting sweat, poor weight gain 
D)  Wheezing, retracting, no wet diapers today

Question 7

A new nurse in the emergency department is examining a 4-year-old child who is sitting upright,is drooling,and is restless.Which action by the new nurse causes an experienced nurse to intervene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Attaches a cardiac monitor and oximeter 
B)  Attempts to assess throat with a tongue blade 
C)  Permits child to remain in an upright position 
D)  Prepares to administer racemic epinephrine (MicroNefrin)

Question 8

A school-age child has asthma and lives in a home where both parents smoke.The nurse has provided extensive education to the parents on the dangers of second-hand smoke.Which assessment by the nurse indicates that goals for a family nursing diagnosis have been met?

Accepted Answer

A)  Child's clothing no longer smells of cigarette smoke 
B)  Father states he has quit smoking; mother has cut down 
C)  Parents state they smoke only in the basement now 
D)  Significant decrease in asthma "attacks" over a year

Question 9

A 10-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the rescue squad from the scene of a house fire.The child is confused and agitated.Which action by the nurse is the priority for this child?

Accepted Answer

A)  Assess the child for a head injury. 
B)  Give the child 100% oxygen. 
C)  Obtain a complete history of the fire. 
D)  Wait for the parents to obtain consent.

Question 10

A 2-year-old child in a pediatric unit accidentally swallows a loose toy part and begins to exhibit signs of choking and wheezing.The pediatric nurse begins the Heimlich maneuver.After performing abdominal thrusts,what action does the nurse take next?

Accepted Answer

A)  Begin performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). 
B)  Activate the rapid response team then return to the child. 
C)  Continue until the object is dislodged or the child becomes unconscious. 
D)  Give five back blows, then alternate back blows and abdominal thrusts.

Question 11

The pediatric nurse is providing care to a neonate diagnosed with cystic fibrosis.When discussing the clinical manifestations of this disease process,which topics will the nurse include in the teaching session?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anemia 
B)  Malnutrition 
C)  Scant, hard stools 
D)  Meconium ileus 
E)  Rectal prolapse

Question 12

An infant is being discharged from the hospital after treatment for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).The infant still has some mild respiratory distress at times.Which discharge instruction is the priority for this infant?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Bring the child back if she runs a temperature." 
B)  "Feed baby small amounts while she is sitting up." 
C)  "Give her antibiotics right after feeding her." 
D)  "If you need to use the bulb suction, bring her back."

Question 13

A nurse working in a pediatric clinic is collecting data on children as part of a research study.What action by the nurse is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do not inform children or parents of the data collection. 
B)  Obtain parental consent only for all children enrolled. 
C)  Obtain written assent from children 12 and older. 
D)  Only inform the parents of the research study and methods.

Question 14

The nurse is caring for a child with bronchopulmonary dysplasia receiving furosemide (Lasix).Which finding would lead the nurse to conclude the child has a side effect of this drug?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acidosis 
B)  Hypercarbia 
C)  Hypokalemia 
D)  Thrombocytopenia

Question 15

A parent brings a 2-year-old child to the clinic,reporting that the child has an ear infection.Which assessment information leads the nurse to suspect a diagnosis of bacterial otitis media?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute otalgia 
B)  Dull, throbbing pain 
C)  Fever of 104°F (40°
C)  
D)  High-pitched crying 
E)  Poor feeding
F) Rubbing the ear

Question 16

The mother of a 5-year-old girl describes her daughter's symptoms to the nurse in the emergency room.She states that her daughter has had "a dry,hacking cough for the past 3 days that gets worse during the night." She further states that "now she is coughing up phlegm." Which discharge instruction does the nurse plan to provide?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Do not be surprised if she vomits her secretions." 
B)  "Give your child cough drops as often as needed." 
C)  "Return if she is not better after 3 days of antibiotics." 
D)  "You can use a warm-mist humidifier in her room."

Question 17

The parents of a child diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF)consult the nurse,stating they want to have more children but are worried about subsequent children also having the disease.Which information does the nurse provide the parents?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Each child has a 25% chance of inheriting the disease." 
B)  "This disease is rare, so other children should not be affected." 
C)  "Unfortunately, there is no way to predict if they will have it." 
D)  "You should have genetic testing to see who the carrier is."

Question 18

A child with pertussis is in the catarrhal stage of the disease.Which assessment findings correlate with this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chronic cough lasting weeks 
B)  Intense cough causing vomiting 
C)  Low-grade fever 
D)  Sweating and fatigue after coughing 
E)  Upper respiratory symptoms

Question 19

A nurse is caring for an infant born with esophageal atresia (EA)and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)prior to surgery.Which actions taken by a student nurse cause the registered nurse to intervene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Assesses the infant's intravenous site 
B)  Irrigates the orogastric tube as needed 
C)  Raises the head of the bed at least 30° 
D)  Suctions the trachea every 2 hours 
E)  Teaches parents about barium contrast

Question 20

The mother of a child diagnosed with influenza in the emergency department last night calls the family practice clinic to ask if she can give the child store-brand "flu medicine." Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  "If your child is that sick she should take Tamiflu." 
B)  "No, your child should not be sick enough for medicine." 
C)  "Yes, if it's labeled for children you can give it to her." 
D)  "You must make sure it does not contain salicylates."

Exam 23: Caring for the Child With a Respiratory Condition

A child is admitted to the pediatric unit with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) .Which action by the nurse is best for infection control?