Question 1

A child is being sent home from the doctor's office with a prescription for azithromycin (Zithromax)for presumed cat-scratch disease.Which instruction to the parents is most important?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Be sure to treat your cat for fleas."
B)   "Don't take this unless the scratch gets infected."
C)   "Make sure he takes all of this antibiotic."
D)   "You should not have cats around small children." C

Question 2

A child has been diagnosed with influenza and is prescribed oseltamivir (Tamiflu).Which instruction by the nurse is most important?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Do not use aspirin with this drug."
B)   "Encourage plenty of liquids."
C)   "Rinse the inhaler after each use."
D)   "This will cure the flu in 5 days." B

Question 3

The nurse is caring for a 15-year-old suspected of having HIV infection.Which laboratory tests does the nurse anticipate will be ordered for this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)   ELISA antibody test
B)   IgA quantification test
C)   Saliva antibody test
D)   Urine HIV antigen test
E)   Western blot test A,E

Question 4

The pediatric nurse explains to a student that which actions are most important in preventing and controlling infections?

Accepted Answer

A)   Administering antibiotics
B)   Educating the public
C)   Monitoring for outbreaks
D)   Providing immunizations
E)   Scheduling physical exams

Question 5

A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to new parents.Which instruction by the nurse will assist the parents in maintaining physical barriers to prevent infection in their newborn?

Accepted Answer

A)   Breastfeeding provides some antibodies.
B)   Ensure your baby is getting enough nutrition.
C)   Keep your baby away from people who are sick.
D)   Wash your baby with gentle soap and dry well.

Question 6

The day after attending a large birthday party for a classmate,a child breaks out in a rash characteristic of chickenpox.When counseling the parents,which information is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Inform all the parents of children at the party that your child has chickenpox."
B)   "This disease is spread through respiratory droplets, so don't get too close."
C)   "We can give your child a dose of varicella zoster immune globulin right away."
D)   "Your child is only contagious for 3 days after the rash first appears."

Question 7

A nursing faculty member is explaining the pediatric immune system to students.Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   Children are born with intact immune systems.
B)   Children's immune systems develop over 1 year.
C)   Immunity isn't functional until about 6 months.
D)   Mothers' immunity is babies' primary line of defense.

Question 8

A 10-month-old-child is in the pediatric clinic for his eighth ear infection.Which assessment is most important for the nurse to perform on this child?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ask the parent about possible allergy testing.
B)   Assess the child's mouth for oral thrush.
C)   Graph height and weight on the growth chart.
D)   Inquire about the health of the entire family.

Question 9

A parent calls a pediatric information line worried about muscular dystrophy because her daughter has new onset of muscle weakness.Which question by the nurse would elicit the most useful information?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Does anyone else in your house have this?"
B)   "Does this seem to come and go sporadically?"
C)   "Does your child have a rash on her face?"
D)   "Does your daughter complain of stiffness?"

Question 10

A child is receiving vaccinations at a well-baby clinic.The nurse explains to the mother that the vaccinations provide which type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Active
B)   Innate
C)   Man-made
D)   Passive

Question 11

A nurse is working with a student on the pediatric unit caring for patients in contact isolation for infectious diarrhea.Which action by the student warrants intervention by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)   Changes gloves, performs hand hygiene after touching a contaminated site
B)   Performs hand hygiene with alcohol-based rubs after caring for patients
C)   Uses an alcohol-based hand sanitizer prior to putting on gloves
D)   Washes her hands with soap and hot water when they are visibly soiled

Question 12

An adolescent patient is taking combination retroviral therapy for HIV infection.He is not responding as expected.Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Asking why he does not take the medications
B)   Assessing the patient for noncompliance
C)   Consulting a pediatric social worker
D)   Starting a simpler drug regimen for the HIV

Question 13

A nurse has given an infant a vaccination.Which information is important to document specifically for this vaccination?

Accepted Answer

A)   Date of next regularly scheduled immunization
B)   Drug, dose, site of administration, infant's reaction
C)   Parental education provided before administration
D)   Vaccine information sheet given before administration

Question 14

A nurse is caring for an infant with an HIV-positive mother.Which statement made by the nursing during teaching is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)   "As long as your CD4+ count is fine, you can nurse."
B)   "Breastfeeding is OK if you both take zidovudine (AZT) ."
C)   "The HIV virus is not passed through breast milk."
D)   "You should bottle feed your baby consistently."

Question 15

The student studying pediatric infectious diseases recognizes that the epidemiological triangle consists of which concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)   Agent
B)   Communicable period
C)   Environment
D)   Host
E)   Virulence

Question 16

A child has been hospitalized with rubeola.Which actions by the nursing staff are most important?

Accepted Answer

A)   Administer ordered antibiotics on time.
B)   Assess the child for Koplik's spots.
C)   Ensure the room is dark for photophobia.
D)   Monitor the child for febrile seizures.
E)   Report the disease to health authorities.

Question 17

A teenage girl is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Which health promotion guidance is important for the nurse to provide?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Acetaminophen (Tylenol)  is best for daily pain."
B)   "Consider adding vitamin D to your daily routine."
C)   "Plan to choose a career that is sedentary."
D)   "You should consider elective sterilization."

Question 18

A parent brings her child to the pediatric clinic and reports that the child has a rash on one side of his body that reminds her of chickenpox,but is more painful.Which medication does the nurse anticipate teaching the parent about?

Accepted Answer

A)   Acyclovir (Zovirax) 
B)   Azathioprine (Imuran) 
C)   Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 
D)   Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG)

Question 19

The pediatric nurse is discharging a child diagnosed with cytomegalovirus infection (CMV).Which teaching is most appropriate for this child?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ensure adequate rest.
B)   Keep the child isolated.
C)   Offer favorite foods.
D)   Provide plenty of fluids.

Question 20

A nurse is caring for an HIV-positive child diagnosed with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia who is receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.Which finding indicates a possible complication of using this drug?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hemorrhagic blisters
B)   Polyuria
C)   Severe headache
D)   Seizures

Exam 25: Caring for the Child With an Immunological or Infectious Condition

A child is being sent home from the doctor's office with a prescription for azithromycin (Zithromax) for presumed cat-scratch disease.Which instruction to the parents is most important?

A child has been diagnosed with influenza and is prescribed oseltamivir (Tamiflu) .Which instruction by the nurse is most important?