Question 1

George is a securely attached 10-month-old infant. According to the concept of the "secure base," he is likely to ______ when placed in a room full of novel toys. If something makes him feel anxious, he will ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  crawl around and explore; move closer to his caregiver 
B)  cling to his caregiver's leg; attempt to get out of the room 
C)  crawl behind the caregiver; seek closeness with the caregiver 
D)  crawl around and explore; watch how the caregiver responds

Question 2

Gesell's "nativist" theory of human development is most closely associated with current ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ecological Systems theory 
B)  Innate Family Systems theory 
C)  Social learning theory 
D)  Behavioral Genetics theory

Question 3

According to Erikson's eight life stages, from 1 to 3 years, the main psychosocial challenge is between autonomy versus ______, while early adulthood consists of a challenge of intimacy versus ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  guilt; isolation 
B)  isolation; shame 
C)  shame; guilt 
D)  shame; isolation

Question 4

What is the difference between the phylogenetic and ontogenetic views of parent-child relationships?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between the phylogenetic...

Question 5

Which of the following does NOT correctly match Ellen Galinsky's six stages of parenting with their respective age of the child?

Accepted Answer

A)  nurturing: birth to 2 years 
B)  authority: 2-5 years 
C)  interpretive: 10-18 years 
D)  departure: late adolescence

Question 6

Matthew is an accomplished guitarist and singer. His son, Brandon, also loves to sing and initiates sing-a-longs with his siblings. Human behavior geneticists (e.g., Scarr) would say that ______ genetic influences will affect Brandon's development.

Accepted Answer

A)  passive, active, and evocative 
B)  internal, external, and passive 
C)  active, phenotypic, and expressive 
D)  typical, aberrant, and evocative

Question 7

When Tiara shops for groceries with her young daughter Lanie, she talks with her about what they need to buy and involves her in the process of selecting items. These social interactions, which help Lanie act in more mature ways, were referred to by Vygotsky as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment 
B)  reciprocity 
C)  sensitivity 
D)  scaffolding

Question 8

In accordance with Control theory, a young child screaming in a public space would be a violation of the parent's lower limit of tolerance for the intensity of the child's behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Give an example of a coercive cycle and discuss two errors that parents make that contribute to the cycle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give an example of a coercive cycle...

Question 10

How did Harry Harlow's experiments with rhesus monkeys refute the view that infants love their mothers because of the nourishment they receive?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did Harry Harlow's experiments with rhesus...

Question 11

Anna has trouble keeping a boyfriend. She never believes that they truly care for her and is often intensely jealous of anyone who shares their time. An interpersonal acceptance-rejection theorist would say that Anna was likely ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  abused by her father 
B)  accepted by her mother 
C)  overprotected by her father 
D)  rejected by her mother

Question 12

Lihua is very athletic and convinced her parents to allow her to join a volleyball team. As a result, Lihua and her family form many new experiences and friendships as they attend practices and tournaments. The influence of these new encounters is best described under Social Learning theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In Bandura's famous "Bobo doll" studies, they demonstrated that despite watching a video of children hitting a Bobo doll, the children were not any more likely to engage in aggressive behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

At nearly 14 years of age, Jillian's thought process is more complex than when she was younger. According to Piaget, the core difference is her ability to use and understand ______ concepts.

Accepted Answer

A)  false 
B)  intuitive 
C)  concrete 
D)  abstract

Question 15

Willie and Harry ate all their vegetables at dinner. Their mum, Diana, was so happy with their behavior that she promised to read an extra favorite book to them before bedtime. Reading the book to them represents a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  positive punishment 
D)  negative punishment

Question 16

Freud believed that all children experience ______ associated with particular parts of their bodies.

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual energy 
B)  control issues 
C)  maternal conflict 
D)  conflict resolution

Question 17

Environmental influences resulting in sibling similarity are operationally defined by behavior geneticists as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  nonfamily environments 
B)  unshared environments 
C)  shared environments 
D)  ordinal family environments

Question 18

Emily believes that to understand her son's behavior she must carefully consider the multiple contexts within which he is developing. Which of the following models best describes Emily's theoretical approach to parenting?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ecological Systems theory 
B)  Behavioral Genetics theory 
C)  Family Systems theory 
D)  Social Learning theory

Question 19

Dr. Plomin is a human behavior geneticist. He most likely conducts studies with ______ to explicate the developmental influences of nature and nurture.

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals who have varying degrees of genetic relatedness 
B)  individuals whose behaviors vary greatly from the norm 
C)  individuals who have taken part in the Human Genome project 
D)  individuals who are at risk for recessive-gene disorders

Question 20

According to Piaget, the stage of cognitive development that generally characterizes preschool children (2-7 years old) is the ______ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational

Exam 2: Theoretical Perspectives on Parenting

George is a securely attached 10-month-old infant. According to the concept of the "secure base," he is likely to when placed in a room full of novel toys. If something makes him feel anxious, he will .

Gesell's "nativist" theory of human development is most closely associated with current ______.

According to Erikson's eight life stages, from 1 to 3 years, the main psychosocial challenge is between autonomy versus , while early adulthood consists of a challenge of intimacy versus .

What is the difference between the phylogenetic and ontogenetic views of parent-child relationships?

Which of the following does NOT correctly match Ellen Galinsky's six stages of parenting with their respective age of the child?

Matthew is an accomplished guitarist and singer. His son, Brandon, also loves to sing and initiates sing-a-longs with his siblings. Human behavior geneticists (e.g., Scarr) would say that ______ genetic influences will affect Brandon's development.

When Tiara shops for groceries with her young daughter Lanie, she talks with her about what they need to buy and involves her in the process of selecting items. These social interactions, which help Lanie act in more mature ways, were referred to by Vygotsky as ______.

In accordance with Control theory, a young child screaming in a public space would be a violation of the parent's lower limit of tolerance for the intensity of the child's behavior.

Give an example of a coercive cycle and discuss two errors that parents make that contribute to the cycle.

How did Harry Harlow's experiments with rhesus monkeys refute the view that infants love their mothers because of the nourishment they receive?

Anna has trouble keeping a boyfriend. She never believes that they truly care for her and is often intensely jealous of anyone who shares their time. An interpersonal acceptance-rejection theorist would say that Anna was likely ______.

Lihua is very athletic and convinced her parents to allow her to join a volleyball team. As a result, Lihua and her family form many new experiences and friendships as they attend practices and tournaments. The influence of these new encounters is best described under Social Learning theory.

In Bandura's famous "Bobo doll" studies, they demonstrated that despite watching a video of children hitting a Bobo doll, the children were not any more likely to engage in aggressive behavior.

At nearly 14 years of age, Jillian's thought process is more complex than when she was younger. According to Piaget, the core difference is her ability to use and understand ______ concepts.

Willie and Harry ate all their vegetables at dinner. Their mum, Diana, was so happy with their behavior that she promised to read an extra favorite book to them before bedtime. Reading the book to them represents a ______.

Freud believed that all children experience ______ associated with particular parts of their bodies.

Environmental influences resulting in sibling similarity are operationally defined by behavior geneticists as ______.

Emily believes that to understand her son's behavior she must carefully consider the multiple contexts within which he is developing. Which of the following models best describes Emily's theoretical approach to parenting?

Dr. Plomin is a human behavior geneticist. He most likely conducts studies with ______ to explicate the developmental influences of nature and nurture.

According to Piaget, the stage of cognitive development that generally characterizes preschool children (2-7 years old) is the ______ stage.