Question 1

An infant's cry eliciting rapid caregiver attention is an example of an evolved characteristics related to parenting which would increase the survival of the human species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

According to the Self-Determination theory, all of the following scenarios exhibit parenting qualities that help promote children's well-being EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  a parent provides healthy snack options for them to choose from after school 
B)  a parent enforces their perspective on what the child should say to their friend 
C)  a parent listens to and acknowledges why the child engaged in a certain behavior. 
D)  a parent encourages their child to approach their peers and start a conversation

Question 3

A preschooler failed to put together a difficult puzzle on her own. Her older sister encouraged her to try again and guided her with questions like "Let's put all the edge pieces together first." With big sister's help, the child successfully completed the task. Vygotsky would attribute the preschooler's success to the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  extra time she spent on the puzzle with her older sister 
B)  interactions with her older sister that made the task do-able 
C)  preschooler's ongoing imitation of her older sister's behavior 
D)  the older child's modeling and reinforcement of the skill

Question 4

If the consequence of a response increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated, it has a ______ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  socialization 
B)  reinforcement 
C)  positive 
D)  discipline

Question 5

All of the following are included in the Microsystem of the Ecological Systems Model EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  family 
B)  school 
C)  peers 
D)  neighbors

Question 6

When Manuel's 5-year-old son is hesitant to participate at his first soccer practice, Manuel strongly encourages him to "get out on the field and play like a big boy." According to Bell's Control theory, by acting shy in this situation the youngster has activated his father's ______ regarding culturally appropriate behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  upper limit 
B)  set point 
C)  lower limit 
D)  scaffolding cue

Question 7

When Laura yells at her son, Mikey, who is an aggressive, impulsive child, she is displaying an evocative role in parenting.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Role strain refers to the tension between roles that share the same status, as opposed to the tension that might arise between roles of different status.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

One of the first modern theories about children's development was proposed by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  John B. Watson 
B)  G. Stanley Hall 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  John Bowlby

Question 10

Aisha's parents sometimes argue, but quickly work through the conflict. Sometimes they come to an agreement and other times they just agree to disagree. According to the Emotional Security Hypothesis theory, Aisha will ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  start to feel insecure and worry that they will divorce 
B)  suffer from few negative effects of their arguments 
C)  develop a reduced capacity to regulate her emotions 
D)  become argumentative due to observational learning

Question 11

Jackson is 10 years old. He spends hours counting and organizing his Legos collection. He enjoys completing the tasks on his own. Erikson's would say that Jackson is in the ______ stage of emotional development.

Accepted Answer

A)  basic trust versus mistrust 
B)  autonomy versus shame 
C)  industry versus inferiority 
D)  initiative versus guilt

Question 12

Although Carol and Estelle are good friends, they have very different ideas about how to deal with their children's sleep problems. Carol believes that her son is fearful of the dark and spends time comforting him and making sure he gets the extra night time attention he needs. Estelle believes that if she allows her daughter to delay bedtime, noncompliance will be encouraged. She tends to ignore her daughter's pleas for attention at this time. What is the best explanation for why these caring mothers behave so differently?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have different levels of formal education. 
B)  They subscribe to different child-rearing theories. 
C)  Carol has more patience than Estelle. 
D)  Estelle values compliance more than Carol.

Question 13

When Sarah looks at her infant daughter's tiny nose and round baby cheeks, she is filled with a desire to cuddle and care for her. Evolutionary psychologists believe that the connection between infant characteristics and caregiving behavior is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  a leftover association that no longer has value for survival 
B)  an example of socialization that impacts child development 
C)  a trait that differs for people from different cultures 
D)  an evolved psychological trigger that promotes survival

Question 14

During the Strange Situation laboratory procedure, 12-month-old Joshua explores and plays with the novel toys. When his mother leaves and returns to the room, he ignores her. His attachment classification would likely be described as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  secure 
B)  anxious-resistant 
C)  anxious-avoidant 
D)  disorganized

Question 15

Vygotsky pointed out that children learn to perform at a higher level through interaction with more competent peers and parents. He called the difference between what they could do alone and what they could do with assistance the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  zone of proximal development 
B)  appropriate activity zone 
C)  scaffolding systems zone 
D)  zone of competent behavior

Question 16

According to Parental Investment theory, which of the following characteristics is NOT likely to influence the amount of time and energy a parent invests in a child?

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of genetic material shared between parent and offspring 
B)  the likelihood that the offspring will be financially successful 
C)  the probability that the offspring will survive to adulthood 
D)  the future chances that the offspring will have children

Question 17

It is argued that the Control theory model is best suited to account for parent-child relationships during times of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  disequilibrium 
B)  equilibrium 
C)  transition 
D)  consistency

Question 18

According to Vygotsky, scaffolding describes ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  parenting behaviors that focus on experiential learning 
B)  social interactions that foster a child's mature behavior 
C)  discipline that reinforces a child's compliance 
D)  a pattern of parental behavior that promotes trust

Question 19

Certain "novelty seeking" and "proximity seeking" behaviors are displays of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  socialization 
B)  attachment 
C)  temperament 
D)  intelligence

Question 20

When Parvati acted out at school, her teacher Mr. Wilson telephoned her parents. He asked if they were experiencing conflict and also wanted to know if Parvati was getting along with her younger brother. Parvati's teacher most likely adheres to a(n) ______ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  Attachment theory 
B)  Emotion-Based theory 
C)  Family Systems theory 
D)  Cognitive theory

Exam 2: Theoretical Perspectives on Parenting

An infant's cry eliciting rapid caregiver attention is an example of an evolved characteristics related to parenting which would increase the survival of the human species.

According to the Self-Determination theory, all of the following scenarios exhibit parenting qualities that help promote children's well-being EXCEPT ______.

If the consequence of a response increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated, it has a ______ effect.

All of the following are included in the Microsystem of the Ecological Systems Model EXCEPT ______.

When Laura yells at her son, Mikey, who is an aggressive, impulsive child, she is displaying an evocative role in parenting.

Role strain refers to the tension between roles that share the same status, as opposed to the tension that might arise between roles of different status.

One of the first modern theories about children's development was proposed by ______.

Aisha's parents sometimes argue, but quickly work through the conflict. Sometimes they come to an agreement and other times they just agree to disagree. According to the Emotional Security Hypothesis theory, Aisha will ______.

Jackson is 10 years old. He spends hours counting and organizing his Legos collection. He enjoys completing the tasks on his own. Erikson's would say that Jackson is in the ______ stage of emotional development.

When Sarah looks at her infant daughter's tiny nose and round baby cheeks, she is filled with a desire to cuddle and care for her. Evolutionary psychologists believe that the connection between infant characteristics and caregiving behavior is ______.

During the Strange Situation laboratory procedure, 12-month-old Joshua explores and plays with the novel toys. When his mother leaves and returns to the room, he ignores her. His attachment classification would likely be described as ______.

Vygotsky pointed out that children learn to perform at a higher level through interaction with more competent peers and parents. He called the difference between what they could do alone and what they could do with assistance the ______.

According to Parental Investment theory, which of the following characteristics is NOT likely to influence the amount of time and energy a parent invests in a child?

It is argued that the Control theory model is best suited to account for parent-child relationships during times of ______.

According to Vygotsky, scaffolding describes ______.

Certain "novelty seeking" and "proximity seeking" behaviors are displays of ______.

When Parvati acted out at school, her teacher Mr. Wilson telephoned her parents. He asked if they were experiencing conflict and also wanted to know if Parvati was getting along with her younger brother. Parvati's teacher most likely adheres to a(n) ______ perspective.