Passage the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (NAChR) Is a Protein Embedded in in the Muscle

Passage
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a protein embedded in the muscle fiber membrane that facilitates cell-to-cell communication across the neuromuscular junction.  When acetylcholine (ACh) binds nAChR, electrical depolarization within skeletal muscle fibers is induced and ultimately gives rise to contractile activity.  The nAChR is composed of five protein subunits symmetrically organized around a central ion pore.  Previous studies demonstrated that these subunits may serve as epitopes (antibody binding sites) in autoimmune disease.  By reversibly binding nAChR subunits, anti-nAChr antibodies may temporarily block the attachment site for ACh, resulting in muscle weakness.Researchers harvested muscle samples from mice to investigate the effects of anti-nAChR antibodies on muscle tension, the pulling force transmitted by muscles during contraction.Experiment 1First, skeletal muscle samples (tibialis anterior) of adult male mice were surgically harvested (n = 30) , washed, and stripped of connective tissues.  Next, the isolated muscle samples were placed in a 150-mL oxygen-infused, electrolyte-rich bath containing glucose and Ca²⁺ ions that were able to enter the muscle fibers and enable maximal contractile force.  One end of the submerged muscle was anchored in place while the other was attached to an apparatus that measures muscle tension and modifies muscle length.  Using electrodes, action potentials were elicited in the harvested muscle tissue to evaluate contractile function (Figure 1) .
Figure 1  Action potential elicited from a harvested skeletal muscle sampleExperiment 2The researchers divided the 30 muscle samples into three groups of 10.  Resting muscle tension was measured, and the electrolyte-rich baths of each group were further infused with a 7.5-mL solution containing mouse-specific anti-nAChR antibodies, ACh, or a mixture of both (Table 1) .  Post-infusion (peak) muscle tension was measured for 30 minutes, with results displayed in Figure 2.Table 1  Solutions Infused into the Electrolyte-Rich Bath
Figure 2  Pre-infusion resting muscle tension and post-infusion peak muscle tension in harvested muscle samples (Note: * indicates p < 0.05.)
-To further study anti-nAChR antibody function, the researchers wanted to replicate the experiments described in the passage in other mammalian animal models, but their research proposal was rejected by other scientists.  Why was the proposal rejected?

A) Because resting muscle tension cannot be used as a control for post-infusion tension.
B) Because the electrolyte-rich baths were infused with inconsistent amounts of ACh.
C) Because skeletal muscles in the body would not be exposed to autoimmune antibodies.
D) Because animal models cannot be used to study human diseases.

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