Question 1

What did the "separate but equal" doctrine mean?

Accepted Answer

A)   Although the executive and legislative branches had separate powers and responsibilities, the two branches were constitutionally equal in importance.
B)   Southern schools were segregated, but they had similar buildings, equivalent equipment, and equally qualified and equally paid teachers.
C)   As long as facilities for whites and blacks were equivalent, they did not have to be racially integrated.
D)   The northern and southern approaches to race relations were completely different, but as far as blacks were concerned they amounted to the same thing.
E)   Labor and capital had different goals and different world views, but they were all equal under the law. C

Question 2

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. 
Mugwumps

Accepted Answer

Mugwumps were a group of Republican political activists in the United States during the 1884 presidential election who switched their support from the Republican candidate to the Democratic candidate, Grover Cleveland. The term "Mugwump" is believed to have originated from an Algonquian word meaning "person of importance" or "war leader." However, in the political context of the 1880s, it was used derisively to suggest that these individuals were sitting on the fence with their "mugs" on one side and their "wumps" on the other.

The Mugwumps were reform-minded individuals who were opposed to political corruption and the patronage system, also known as the "spoils system," which was prevalent at the time. They were particularly disillusioned with the Republican Party's nomination of James G. Blaine, a former Speaker of the House and Senator from Maine, whose involvement in various corruption scandals made him an unpalatable choice for these reformers.

The Mugwumps included prominent intellectuals, writers, and civil service reformers, such as Charles Eliot Norton, a professor at Harvard, and journalist Carl Schurz. They believed that Grover Cleveland, the Democratic nominee and then-Governor of New York, was a candidate with higher moral standards and a better record on reform.

The defection of the Mugwumps was significant because it reflected a growing concern among some Americans about political corruption and the need for civil service reform. Their support for Cleveland helped to underscore the importance of character and integrity in public office. Although their numbers were relatively small, the Mugwumps attracted considerable public attention and may have influenced the outcome of the election, which was one of the closest in American history. Cleveland won the presidency by a narrow margin, becoming the first Democrat to be elected to the White House since the Civil War.

The legacy of the Mugwumps is seen in the subsequent passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act in 1883, which began the process of reforming the federal civil service by introducing exams and merit-based appointments, reducing the power of the spoils system. The Mugwumps' advocacy for political reform and their willingness to cross party lines in support of their principles left a lasting mark on American politics.

Question 3

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. 
Alfred T. Mahan

Accepted Answer

Alfred Thayer Mahan (September 27, 1840 – December 1, 1914) was a United States Navy admiral, geostrategist, and historian, who has been called "the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century." His ideas on the importance of sea power influenced navies around the world, and helped prompt naval buildups before World War I. Several ships were named USS Mahan, including the lead vessel of a class of destroyers.

Mahan's most famous work, "The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783," published in 1890, argued that national greatness was inextricably associated with the sea, with naval strength being a key factor in the rise of the British Empire. He posited that control of the sea was the key to world dominance and urged the United States to build a powerful navy. Mahan stressed the importance of the navy in not just naval warfare, but also in the protection of international shipping lanes, communication, and commerce.

His theories profoundly influenced the navies of many nations, leading to a race for naval supremacy in the early 20th century. The concepts articulated by Mahan were adopted by many nations, notably influencing the naval strategies of powers like the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, and the United States. His work inspired the United States to expand its naval power, which played a significant role in American imperialism and the country's rise as a world power.

Mahan's emphasis on sea power also played a part in the development of the "Great White Fleet," which was a powerful United States naval fleet that circumnavigated the globe from December 16, 1907, to February 22, 1909. The demonstration of naval strength was a clear application of his theories on the importance of sea power and served as a show of U.S. global reach and blue-water naval capabilities.

In summary, Alfred T. Mahan was a key figure in naval strategy whose ideas on the importance of sea power changed the way nations viewed and invested in their navies. His work had a lasting impact on global naval strategies and the development of naval warfare leading up to and through the 20th century.

Question 4

Which statement below concerning the farmers' alliance movement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   The movement was restricted to the agrarian South, because agriculture was prosperous elsewhere.
B)   The movement initially advocated farmers' cooperatives and eventually turned to politics.
C)   They wanted was never able to build a large membership.
D)   The movement failed to win many supporters because of its virulent racism.
E)   They wanted limited itself to a social and educational role and attempted to remain as non-controversial as possible to gain maximum support in Congress.

Question 5

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. 
Democratic party

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific...

Question 6

"Machine politics" was

Accepted Answer

A)   a form of urban politics where local politicians, known as bosses, dominated urban areas.
B)   a form of urban politics where the boss of an unofficial political organization controlled a particular party or faction in office.
C)   a social theory in which all interest groups in society meshed together like the parts of a machine.
D)   a derisive term given to voting machines when urban reformers first introduced them.
E)   a form of urban politics influenced by the ideas of reformers.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is not true concerning the 1884 presidential campaign?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mugwumps bolted from the Republican party.
B)   Cleveland admitted he had fathered an illegitimate child.
C)   A clergyman denounced Democrats as the party of "rum, Romanism, and rebellion."
D)   The Republicans nominated a candidate who "wallowed in spoils like a rhinoceros in an African pool."
E)   The Democrats nominated a candidate who had soiled his reputation as governor of New York by supporting Tammany Hall, the corrupt New York City political machine.

Question 8

The Supreme Court's 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson

Accepted Answer

A)   stated that grandfather clauses restricting voting were unconstitutional.
B)   overturned state laws regulating interstate railroad rates.
C)   declared that the First Amendment did not protect a person's right to join hate groups.
D)   established the "separate but equal" doctrine, which would not be overturned until 1954.
E)   declared that racial profiling violated the Constitution.

Question 9

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. 
Farmers' alliance movement, Charles W. Macune

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific...

Question 10

What was the main issue in the 1896 presidential election?

Accepted Answer

A)   Agrarian unrest
B)   Free silver
C)   Imperialism
D)   Gridlock in Washington
E)   Personal corruption

Question 11

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. 
Grand Army of the Republic (GAR)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific...

Question 12

Which of the following groups is properly paired with its position on limiting or expanding the money supply?

Accepted Answer

A)   Urban workers: limit, because it would increase their buying power by making each dollar worth more
B)   Bankers: limit, because it would create economic stability
C)   Southern and western farmers: restrict, because they wanted to make it easier to pay off their debts
D)   Creditors: expand, because then there would be more money to lend.
E)   None of these choices

Question 13

MAP QUESTIONS 
Instructions: Choose the letter on the accompanying map of the Pacific Basin that identifies each of the following: 
  
Samoa

Accepted Answer

The answer of MAP QUESTIONS 
Instructions: Choose the letter on...

Question 14

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. 
Benjamin Harrison

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific...

Question 15

Why was the 1892 election significant to U.S. history?

Accepted Answer

A)   Theodore Roosevelt won his first presidential term.
B)   The Populist Party showed it was a potential threat to the Republican and Democratic Parties
C)   The election led to the end of Reconstruction
D)   Black Americans voted in a presidential election for the first time
E)   Southerners voted for the Republican Party in their largest numbers since before the Civil War

Question 16

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. 
Jacob Coxey

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific...

Question 17

Why was the 1896 presidential election a "watershed election"? Who were the main candidates, and what were the main issues? What was the outcome? Why? What were the implications for America's future?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why was the 1896 presidential election a...

Question 18

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. 
Panic of 1893 and Depression of 1893-1897

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific...

Question 19

What did Southern Alliance leader Charles Macune argue?

Accepted Answer

A)   The federal government was to establish a series of branch banks to hold federal deposits and help to control the money supply.
B)   Late-nineteenth-century American capitalists attempted to corner all the silver that was held outside the federal treasury.
C)   Farmers should be able to store crops in government warehouses and then borrow against those crops until prices rose.
D)   Farmers should "raise less corn and more hell."
E)   The federal government should provide special agricultural loans from a fund created out of grain excise taxes.

Question 20

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. 
P olitical machine, machine politics

Accepted Answer

The answer of Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific...

Exam 20: Politics and Expansion in an Industrializing Age

What did the "separate but equal" doctrine mean?

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Mugwumps

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Alfred T. Mahan

Which statement below concerning the farmers' alliance movement is true?

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Democratic party

"Machine politics" was

Which of the following statements is not true concerning the 1884 presidential campaign?

The Supreme Court's 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Farmers' alliance movement, Charles W. Macune

What was the main issue in the 1896 presidential election?

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Grand Army of the Republic (GAR)

Which of the following groups is properly paired with its position on limiting or expanding the money supply?

MAP QUESTIONS Instructions: Choose the letter on the accompanying map of the Pacific Basin that identifies each of the following: Samoa

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Benjamin Harrison

Why was the 1892 election significant to U.S. history?

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Jacob Coxey

Why was the 1896 presidential election a "watershed election"? Who were the main candidates, and what were the main issues? What was the outcome? Why? What were the implications for America's future?

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. Panic of 1893 and Depression of 1893-1897

What did Southern Alliance leader Charles Macune argue?

Instructions: Identify the following. Be as specific as possible, and include names, dates, and relevant facts as appropriate. Be sure to explain the significance of the person or term. P olitical machine, machine politics