Question 1

In order to make the workplace more pleasant, Elena has to hide her true feelings about some of her co-workers and treat them all as "friends." According to Jung, this hiding of her true feelings illustrates Elena's

Accepted Answer

A) ego. 
B) persona. 
C) archetype. 
D) libido.

Question 2

The theories that attribute differences in personality to one's culture, expectations, and mental processes are the __________ theories.

Accepted Answer

A) trait 
B) humanistic 
C) psychodynamic 
D) social learning

Question 3

Eysenck's two-factor theory of personality was a model involving

Accepted Answer

A) surface and source traits. 
B) central and secondary traits. 
C) the presence or absence of dark triad traits. 
D) introversion-extroversion and emotional stability-instability.

Question 4

A person identified as a "housewife," "college student," "high school athlete," "punk," "geek," or "ski bum" may be misjudged because of the

Accepted Answer

A) halo effect. 
B) Barnum effect. 
C) interviewer's personal biases and preconceptions. 
D) interviewee's attempts to deceive the interviewer.

Question 5

Which of the following personality assessment techniques seek to uncover deeply hidden or unconscious wishes, thoughts, and needs?

Accepted Answer

A) projective tests 
B) direct observation using rating scales 
C) personality questionnaires 
D) structured and unstructured interviews

Question 6

Researchers have found that people tend to be depressed, anxious, and insecure when there is a poor match between their

Accepted Answer

A) self-image and ideal self. 
B) id and ego. 
C) ego ideal and conscience. 
D) psychosexual stages and psychosocial stages.

Question 7

The id, ego, and superego are the three mental structures that direct personality in

Accepted Answer

A) Maslow's hierarchy of motives. 
B) Freud's psychoanalytic theory. 
C) Allport's trait theory of personality. 
D) Dollard and Miller's critical situations.

Question 8

Informally, we tend to place people into categories, such as the "executive type," the "athletic type," and the "motherly type." If you tried to define these informal types, you would probably

Accepted Answer

A) evaluate them on their character. 
B) use subclinical traits to describe them. 
C) describe their temperaments. 
D) list a different collection of traits for each category.

Question 9

Concerning the differences in boys and girls regarding aggression, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Boys have more chances to observe adults and other children acting aggressively. 
B) Girls are less likely than boys to imitate directly aggressive behaviors, such as shouting or hitting. 
C) Girls are more likely to rely on indirectly aggressive behaviors, such as excluding others from friendship and spreading rumors. 
D) Over the last few years, girls have become more willing to engage in direct aggression as popular culture presents more images of directly aggressive women.

Question 10

If a person is sad and gloomy, the early Greeks would have said that the person had a __________ temperament.

Accepted Answer

A) melancholic 
B) choleric 
C) sanguine 
D) phlegmatic

Question 11

A person's unique and enduring behavior patterns define his or her __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person's unique and enduring behavior patterns...

Question 12

If Mitzi is a very passive individual, who is overly trusting and needs lots of attention, then Freud would have said that Mitzi has an anal retentive personality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of self-actualizers?

Accepted Answer

A) a deep preoccupation with one's own thoughts, feelings, and flaws 
B) spontaneity 
C) efficient perceptions of reality 
D) a continued freshness of appreciation

Question 14

According to Freud, which part of the personality operates on the pleasure principle?

Accepted Answer

A) superego 
B) conscience 
C) ego 
D) id

Question 15

According to behavioral personality theorists, the external conditions that strongly influence behavior are known as __________ determinants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to behavioral personality theorists, the external...

Question 16

Which personality theory emphasizes that one's actions are always a product of both prior learning and the situation in which we find ourselves?

Accepted Answer

A) behavioral theory 
B) humanistic theory 
C) psychodynamic theory 
D) trait theory

Question 17

At one time or another, you have watched your professors when they are angry or embarrassed and learned what they are "really" like when they're caught off-guard. This is similar to which type of measure used in psychological assessment?

Accepted Answer

A) observation 
B) interview 
C) projection 
D) questionnaire

Question 18

If a person revealed the presence of physical complaints for which no physical basis could be established, this person would most likely have a high score on which clinical subscale of the MMPI-2?

Accepted Answer

A) mania 
B) schizophrenia 
C) psychasthenia 
D) hysteria

Question 19

According to behaviorist theorists, barriers to personal growth include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) unhealthy traits 
B) conditions of worth 
C) maladaptive habits 
D) unconscious conflicts

Question 20

Praising or rewarding oneself for having made a particular response, such as completing a school assignment, is called

Accepted Answer

A) self-efficacy. 
B) self-reinforcement. 
C) conditions of worth. 
D) conditional positive regard.

Exam 12: Personality