Question 1

With respect to the influence of traits and situations on behavior, it is most accurate to say that the two

Accepted Answer

A) interact. 
B) counteract. 
C) are independent. 
D) are secondary.

Question 2

To reduce sexual tension, which of the following structures may be forced to displace or to sublimate sexual energies into activities, such as sports, music, or dancing?

Accepted Answer

A) ego 
B) id 
C) ego ideal 
D) conscience

Question 3

The notion of self-reinforcement is important in the accounts of personality development provided by

Accepted Answer

A) traditional behaviorists. 
B) neo-Freudians. 
C) humanistic theorists. 
D) social learning theorists.

Question 4

The hereditary aspects of one's personality, including one's sensitivity, irritability, adaptability, and prevailing mood, are referred to as one's

Accepted Answer

A) possible self. 
B) temperament. 
C) character. 
D) self-concept.

Question 5

When Sonia took the MMPI-2, she displays a pattern of responses that indicated the presence of emotional withdrawal and unusual or bizarre thinking and actions. Sonia most likely had a high score on which clinical subscale of the MMPI-2?

Accepted Answer

A) psychasthenia 
B) hysteria 
C) schizophrenia 
D) psychopathic deviate

Question 6

A positive self-evaluation that is not securely held

Accepted Answer

A) may seem confident at first. 
B) becomes defensive when challenged. 
C) is unhealthy. 
D) is characterized by all of these.

Question 7

Freud theorized that the core of personality is formed before age six

Accepted Answer

A) in a series of psychosexual stages. 
B) through social reinforcement. 
C) because of conditions of worth. 
D) through the development of instrumental behaviors.

Question 8

Genuine self-esteem is based on which type of appraisal of your strengths and weaknesses?

Accepted Answer

A) modest 
B) balanced 
C) accurate 
D) high positive

Question 9

By measuring personality at work, at school, and in therapy, we are able to

Accepted Answer

A) describe only the immediate behaviors being shown. 
B) predict how people will behave. 
C) understand and explain specifically how and why people behave in a particular way. 
D) control and change people's personality traits.

Question 10

The normal development of a male locked in an Oedipal rivalry would be expected to occur when

Accepted Answer

A) he finds a substitute source of sexual gratification. 
B) his superego overpowers the sexual impulses of his id. 
C) he comes to identify with his father and accepts his values. 
D) he becomes fixated at the phallic stage of development.

Question 11

Which theories view personality as a collection of relatively stable learned behavior patterns that are acquired through conditioning and observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A) psychodynamic theories 
B) behavioral personality theories 
C) humanistic theories 
D) trait theories

Question 12

Which Freudian level of consciousness contains information which you are not currently aware of, but which you can voluntarily bring to awareness?

Accepted Answer

A) conscious 
B) preconscious 
C) unconscious 
D) postconscious

Question 13

If you wanted to find out how a person would react under emergency situations, such as how fire fighters, police, and EMT's react to a terrorist attack, you would most likely use

Accepted Answer

A) situational testing. 
B) stress testing. 
C) unstructured interviewing. 
D) field rating.

Question 14

According to Rogers, being authentic means being true to one's wants and needs even if you appear irresponsible or have to ignore the feelings of others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

According to Dollard and Miller, drive, cue, response, and reward are the four elements of learning that govern our learned behavior patterns known as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Dollard and Miller, drive, cue,...

Question 16

A personality type is

Accepted Answer

A) a style of personality defined by a group of related qualities. 
B) a stable, enduring quality that a person shows in most situations. 
C) the hereditary aspect of a person's personality. 
D) the subjective evaluation of a character.

Question 17

If you are focusing intently on your instructor's lecture, the instructor's words and gestures reside in which level of consciousness?

Accepted Answer

A) unconscious 
B) subconscious 
C) conscious 
D) preconscious

Question 18

One problem psychologists have with personality types is they

Accepted Answer

A) are hereditary constructs. 
B) oversimplify personality. 
C) describe character, not personality. 
D) are not observable or measurable.

Question 19

The psychiatrist who proposed that people are either introverts or extroverts was

Accepted Answer

A) Abraham Maslow. 
B) Carl Jung. 
C) Sigmund Freud. 
D) B. F. Skinner.

Question 20

The dimensions of the "Big Five" factor model of personality are

Accepted Answer

A) introversion, extroversion, neuroticism, stability, and agreeableness. 
B) extroversion, agreeableness, conscientious, neuroticism, and openness to experience. 
C) introversion, neuroticism, egocentric, intelligence, and control. 
D) extroversion, openness to experience, stability, egocentric, and neuroticism.

Exam 12: Personality