Question 1

Many of the seemingly "astounding" coincidences shared by reunited twins may occur because twins tend to notice similarities and ignore the differences, which illustrates the tendency called the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many of the seemingly "astounding" coincidences shared...

Question 2

What was Freud's term for life instincts?

Accepted Answer

A) Thanatos 
B) psyche 
C) ego 
D) Eros

Question 3

When Jerome took the MMPI-2, he displayed a pattern of responses that indicated the presence of extreme suspiciousness and feelings of persecution. Jerome most likely had a high score on which clinical subscale of the MMPI-2?

Accepted Answer

A) mania 
B) hysteria 
C) paranoia 
D) psychopathic deviate

Question 4

When Anthony gets a test paper back on which he earned an "A," phrases like, "atta boy" and "good going" pop into his head, and he feels a sense of pride in his accomplishments. This illustrates the social learning concept of

Accepted Answer

A) the ego ideal. 
B) self-reinforcement. 
C) conditions of worth. 
D) unconditional positive regard.

Question 5

Dr. Wahid attributes differences in personality primarily to such factors as culture, mental processes, and one's expectations about environmental situations. Dr. Wahid emphasizes which theories of personality?

Accepted Answer

A) behaviorist theories 
B) trait theories 
C) humanistic theories 
D) social learning theories

Question 6

Choose one of the following neo-Freudian theorists: Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, or Carl Jung, and describe the main concepts of that person's theory and how these ideas differed from Freud's.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Choose one of the following neo-Freudian theorists:...

Question 7

Markus and Nurius believe that each of us harbors images of people we would most like to become and images of people we do not want to become, which they called possible selves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

If you believe that behavior is influenced by external situations and circumstances, then you would most likely agree with which statement?

Accepted Answer

A) Almost anyone would be polite at a wedding reception; it doesn't matter what kind of personality the person has. 
B) Most people I have known for several years have pretty much the same personalities now as they did when I first met them. 
C) To be comfortable in a particular job, a person's personality must match the nature of the work. 
D) One of the first things I would want to know about a potential roommate is what the person's personality is like.

Question 9

Shannon is overwhelmed by feelings of being inadequate and imperfect regarding her poor grades and lack of friends. According to Adler, her feelings may lead to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) inferiority complex. 
B) Electra conflict. 
C) condition of worth. 
D) incongruence.

Question 10

Jada would be described as a strong, independent woman, although somewhat of a loner. According to Karen Horney, when Jada experiences conflict at work, she will be most likely to exhibit which mode of interacting?

Accepted Answer

A) moving toward 
B) moving away 
C) moving against 
D) moving alone

Question 11

In our culture, it is deemed good for people to be friendly, outgoing, and upstanding, while in other cultures being fierce, warlike, and cruel are deemed favorable. These differences illustrate how different cultures assess

Accepted Answer

A) temperament. 
B) personality. 
C) character. 
D) superego.

Question 12

Which of the following disagreed with Freud's emphasis on the unconscious and the importance of sexuality and biological instincts and believed that people are social creatures governed by social urges, such as striving for superiority?

Accepted Answer

A) Alfred Adler 
B) Carl Jung 
C) Anna Freud 
D) Karen Horney

Question 13

When you are faced with an ambiguous stimulus, you must organize what you see in terms of your own life experiences. This is the rationale behind

Accepted Answer

A) objective tests. 
B) rating scales. 
C) projective tests. 
D) behavioral assessments.

Question 14

According to Rogers, the total subjective perception of one's body and personality is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Rogers, the total subjective perception...

Question 15

Because we begin life as small, weak, and relatively powerless children surrounded by more powerful adults, Adler believed that everyone

Accepted Answer

A) experiences feelings of inferiority. 
B) has a tendency to move away from others. 
C) has a collective unconscious. 
D) creates persona (or "mask")to hide behind in our daily lives.

Question 16

Regarding Freud's theory, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The superego acts as a power source for the entire psyche, or personality. 
B) The libido underlies our efforts to survive, as well as our sexual desires and pleasure seeking. 
C) Freud described a death instinct, although today it is more often thought of as an impulse toward aggression. 
D) Freud offered humanity's long history of wars and violence as evidence of urges from the human instinct, he called Thanatos.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT part of Maslow's recommendation for promoting self-actualization?

Accepted Answer

A) Be prepared to be different. 
B) Set a top priority on the fulfillment of needs for safety and security. 
C) Take personal responsibility for every aspect of your life. 
D) Seek peak experiences.

Question 18

In order to improve Mike's grades, his mother has been using various reinforcements to encourage studying and the completion of homework. She has observed that playing a board game with him is worth more to Mike than buying him a toy or candy. That Mike considers his mother's time more important to him than a toy or treat illustrates Julian Rotter's concept of

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement value. 
B) self-efficacy. 
C) the psychological situation. 
D) an expectancy.

Question 19

Which of the following theories stresses the role of genetics in personality?

Accepted Answer

A) psychoanalytic theory 
B) humanistic theories 
C) behaviorist theory 
D) social learning theories

Question 20

A psychologist interpreting your responses to the MMPI-2 would be most interested in your

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous reactions to the real-life situations presented within the ambiguous pictures. 
B) strategy for organizing the unstructured material presented. 
C) answers to specific individual items presented within the test. 
D) pattern of responses to the test questions.

Exam 12: Personality