Question 1

Which of the following supports the restoration model of sleep?

Accepted Answer

A) Ordinary people sleep about twice as long following strenuous exercise. 
B) Sleep deprivation results in narcolepsy. 
C) Animals that stay up all night sleep much longer during the day. 
D) Build up of adenosine is related to "fuel consumption" in cells. 
E) Our ancestors did not go out at night.

Question 2

While driving to school, Brandon thinks about his upcoming midterms. When he reaches campus, he realizes that he doesn't remember most of the drive. Because he has been driving for several years, _______________________ allowed him to reach campus safely.

Accepted Answer

A) confabulation 
B) automatic processing 
C) subjective consciousness 
D) controlled processing 
E) conscious processing

Question 3

The concept of a "hidden observer" has the strongest association with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Dissociation theories of hypnosis 
B) Social cognitive theories of hypnosis 
C) Automatic processing 
D) Fantasy-prone personality

Question 4

Karen has a maladaptive pattern of drug use and it has significantly affected her life, including losing her job and getting a divorce. She does not, however, experience withdrawal effects when she stops taking the drug. Drug experts would probably label her as having ___________ dependence.

Accepted Answer

A) substance 
B) physiological 
C) psychological 
D) emotional

Question 5

You have just returned home after being away on vacation for several weeks. Your body had adjusted to the different time zone you were in, which was eight hours ahead of your local time at home. You slept for 8 hours on the flight back and it is now just a few minutes before midnight local time as you walk in your front door. Now that you are back home, what factor could make readjusting to your usual time zone more difficult?

Accepted Answer

A) if you are blind 
B) if your trip was East of where you live (and you flew West to get home) 
C) if your trip was North of where you live (and you flew South to get home) 
D) if your trip was South of where you live (and you flew North to get home) 
E) none of these possible response options would have any impact on adjusting to jet lag

Question 6

When a person is learning how to type, their behaviour usually involves __________ processing, but someone who can type quickly, efficiently, and accurately is probably utilizing more ____________ processing.

Accepted Answer

A) automatic; controlled 
B) controlled; automatic 
C) automatic; effortful 
D) effortful; controlled

Question 7

If you are flying west and have lengthened your travel day, the best thing to do in order to reset your circadian clock to the new time zone would be to avoid

Accepted Answer

A) outdoor light in the morning and expose yourself to outdoor light in the late afternoon or early evening 
B) outdoor light in the afternoon and expose yourself to outdoor light in the early morning and late evening 
C) outdoor light in the evening and expose yourself to outdoor light in the early morning 
D) all outdoor light during the day after you arrive

Question 8

You are examining the EEG records of an individual in a sleep lab. The tracing shows a series of high frequency waves resembling alpha or beta waves. But the individual is not awake. Most likely, this individual is in

Accepted Answer

A) stage 4 sleep 
B) stage 2 sleep 
C) stage 3 sleep 
D) REM sleep 
E) a dissociative state

Question 9

Most nightmares occur during _____________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

A) NREM 
B) stage 4 
C) REM 
D) stage 1

Question 10

Ecstasy works primarily by increasing ____________________ functioning, which leaves users feeling empathetic, warm, and elated. When the drug wears off, the user feels sluggish and depressed due to depletion of this same neurotransmitter. Over time, ecstasy can permanently damage receptor sites.

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine 
B) serotonin 
C) norepinephrine 
D) GABA 
E) glutamate

Question 11

You are attending a demonstration in which a hypnotist tries to hypnotize volunteers from the audience. After using a hypnotic induction, 9 out of 10 volunteers appear to be in some kind of altered state. What is the most likely explanation for why the one volunteer was unaffected by the hypnotic induction?

Accepted Answer

A) they have a low susceptibility to hypnosis 
B) they are too intelligent to be hypnotized 
C) they were not paying attention to the hypnotic induction 
D) they are not intelligent enough to be hypnotized 
E) none of these explanations make sense

Question 12

Yves always has problems with depression during the winter: He feels sadder than normal and is unusually tired when he gets up for the day. His problems always subside in the spring. Yves may have

Accepted Answer

A) seasonal affective disorder. 
B) narcolepsy. 
C) melatonin depletion. 
D) sleep apnea. 
E) serotonin syndrome.

Question 13

When our circadian clocks are NOT reset each day, they run on what is called a ______________ circadian rhythm, which is a cycle _____________ 24 hours.

Accepted Answer

A) free-running; a little longer than 
B) compensatory; a little less than 
C) "loose"; a little less than 
D) desynchronized; exactly equal to

Question 14

A patient reports to you at the emergency room in a local hospital. You notice that the level of serotonin in his system is way above normal. You know that he has taken some kind of drug. Most likely, this patient has taken

Accepted Answer

A) a hallucinogen 
B) an opiate 
C) ecstasy 
D) an amphetamine 
E) more than five drinks of alcohol

Question 15

In a condition involving damage to her brain, Rita can recognize people from their voices, but not when she sees their faces. Rita has _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) attentional blindness 
B) inattentional blindness 
C) speech agnosia 
D) visual agnosia

Question 16

How many stages of sleep are there?

Accepted Answer

A) One plus REM 
B) Two plus REM 
C) Three plus REM 
D) Four plus REM

Question 17

The treatment for insomnia called stimulus control involves limiting the activities that occur in bed to just sleeping. This treatment is most likely based on the ______________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A) biological 
B) cognitive 
C) behavioural 
D) psychodynamic

Question 18

Which of the following statements is/are FALSE regarding REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

A) During REM sleep, there is an absence of voluntary muscle movement. 
B) REM sleep is characterized primarily by delta brain-wave activity. 
C) During REM sleep, dreams are typically vivid and have a story-like quality. 
D) Nightmares typically occur during REM sleep. 
E) Both REM sleep is characterized primarily by delta brain-wave activity AND nightmares typically occur during REM sleep.

Question 19

If you have entered paradoxical sleep, you are actually in

Accepted Answer

A) stage 1 
B) stage 2 
C) stage 3 
D) stage 4 
E) REM

Question 20

An individual suddenly falls asleep in the middle of the afternoon. The sleep cycle begins with REM rather than stage 1 sleep. Most likely, this person has

Accepted Answer

A) pseudoinsomnia 
B) night terrors 
C) insomnia 
D) REM-sleep behaviour disorder 
E) narcolepsy

Exam 6: States of Consciousness