Question 1

If someone has achieved sexual arousal but has not achieved orgasm, he or she is in the ____________ stage of the sexual response cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) excitement 
B) plateau 
C) stagnant 
D) refractory

Question 2

Rats with mutations to the db gene become obese because ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) they have excessive levels of leptin 
B) they suffer from a lack of leptin 
C) the receptors in their brains are insensitive to leptin 
D) the receptors in their brains are overly sensitive to leptin

Question 3

As you get ready to write an exam, you are concerned that you will not be able to live up to your own standards. You are focusing on

Accepted Answer

A) performance-approach goals 
B) performance-avoidance goals 
C) mastery-approach goals 
D) mastery-avoidance goals 
E) a need for achievement

Question 4

You really would like to do well in this psychology course. More than scoring high grades, you are interested in learning and gaining some expertise for the material, even though some of the content is quite challenging for you. You appears to have a ________________ and Your particular way of manifesting this suggests that you are motivated by ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) strong fear of failure; mastery goals 
B) high need for achievement; competitive goals 
C) strong motive for success; competitive goals 
D) high need for achievement; mastery goals

Question 5

The fact that children who are blind from birth express the basic emotions in roughly the same way as sighted children was presented to demonstrate that

Accepted Answer

A) the emotions of children are based largely on cognitive appraisals 
B) basic human emotions are determined by sensory information sent directly to the amygdala 
C) the emotional responses of children appear to largely be learned 
D) humans may have innate fundamental emotional patterns

Question 6

Motivation is to ______________ as emotion is to _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) important; irrelevant 
B) irrelevant; important 
C) internal stimulus; response 
D) response; cause

Question 7

Over the last 40 years, one of the major trends that has been observed with regard to sexuality is that premarital sex has become more common in a number of countries. Recent data suggest that this trend may be ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) only applicable in North America 
B) levelling off or reversing 
C) increasing 
D) decreasing

Question 8

The James-Lange theory proposed that the experience of emotion is created by bodily feedback. To test this hypothesis, Chwalisz, Diener, and Gallagher (1988) asked participants with spinal cord injuries to self-report various aspects of their emotional experience. Their results indicated _____, which _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the group with the spinal cord injuries did report an overall less intense experience of emotion; did not directly support the James-Lange theory 
B) the group with the spinal cord injuries did not report an overall less intense experience of emotion; did not directly support the James-Lange theory 
C) the group with the spinal cord injuries did report an overall less intense experience of emotion; directly supported the James-Lange theory 
D) the group with the spinal cord injuries did report an overall more intense experience of emotion; directly supported the James-Lange theory 
E) the group with the spinal cord injuries did report an overall more intense experience of emotion; did not directly support the James-Lange theory

Question 9

Dutton and Aron tested the cognitive appraisal theory of emotion by arranging for either a male or female research assistant to approach males who were crossing either the Capilano Suspension Bridge 76 metres above a section of rapids or a wide, sturdy cedar bridge only 3 metres above a small stream. Participants were asked to complete a short task and told that they could contact the research assistant if they had any questions and were given the researcher's name and phone number. The results supported the cognitive-appraisal theory because ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) males that crossed the swaying anxiety-provoking bridge were more likely to be angry with the female research assistant 
B) males that crossed the swaying anxiety-provoking bridge were more likely to later call the female research assistant 
C) males that crossed the low sturdy bridge were more likely to have sexual imagery in their research responses 
D) males that crossed the low sturdy bridge were more likely to later call the female research assistant

Question 10

Some researchers are intrigued by the results from studies suggesting that sexual orientation may be manipulated by altering prenatal exposure to sex hormones. However, many remain unconvinced by these findings, stating that the studies of humans that have been done are correlational in nature and thus, they can provide ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) no clear causal conclusions 
B) definitive conclusions 
C) some conclusions 
D) no clear experimental conclusions

Question 11

Which of the following statements accurately describes the activational effects of sex hormones on men and women?

Accepted Answer

A) Androgens have the primary influence on sexual desire in men, estrogens have the primary influence on sexual desire in women. 
B) Estrogens have the primary influence on sexual desire in men, androgens have the primary influence on sexual desire in women. 
C) Androgens have the primary influence on sexual desire in both men and women. 
D) Estrogens have the primary influence on sexual desire in both men and women. 
E) Neither androgens nor estrogens influence sexual desire in men and women

Question 12

Dopamine is thought to be associated with positive emotions, while serotonin and norepinephrine are thought to be specifically involved with _________.

Accepted Answer

A) fear 
B) anger 
C) negative emotions 
D) surprise

Question 13

Explain three types of motivational conflict. Can you think of examples from your own life?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain three types of motivational conflict. Can...

Question 14

What factors are involved when an individual is dealing with an approach-avoidance motivational conflict?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What factors are involved when an individual...

Question 15

Abraham Maslow, a humanistic theorist, believed that human motivation could be described with __________.

Accepted Answer

A) a hierarchy of physiological and safety needs 
B) intrinsic and extrinsic motivation 
C) a hierarchy of growth and deficiency needs 
D) expectancy, value, and incentive needs

Question 16

According to many evolutionary psychologists,

Accepted Answer

A) positive and negative emotions have no adaptive significance 
B) positive and negative emotions have very similar adaptive functions 
C) only negative emotions have adaptive significance 
D) positive and negative emotions have different and distinct adaptive functions

Question 17

Your roommate loves to debate psychological theories. When discussing emotion he insists that "We feel sad because we are crying" and "We feel fear because we tremble". Your roommate's arguments are most consistent with which psychological ideas?

Accepted Answer

A) Cannon-Bard theory 
B) James-Lange somatic theory 
C) Freud's psychodynamic theory 
D) Schachter's two-factor theory 
E) Evolutionary theory

Question 18

Which of the following was mentioned as a factor that makes it more difficult for people to lose weight?

Accepted Answer

A) Obese people have lower levels of insulin in their bodies. 
B) Dieting tends to increase basal metabolism. 
C) The bodies of overweight people tend to respond to food deprivation with increased energy expenditure. 
D) Substantial weight gain makes it difficult to exercise vigorously.

Question 19

Describe the organizational and activational effects of sex hormones. How do the activational effects differ in humans versus nonhumans?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the organizational and activational effects of...

Question 20

The issue of classifying people's sexual orientations is made difficult by the fact that

Accepted Answer

A) there are substantially more people who self-identify as homosexual than as bisexual 
B) there are substantially more people who self-identify as bisexual than as homosexual 
C) a relatively high percentage of people report same-gender attraction, yet do not identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual 
D) homosexuals and bisexuals constitute such a small proportion of the population and there is an identification stigma

Exam 11: Motivation and Emotion