Question 1

If you are shipwrecked on a desert island. Assuming you can find food and water (physiological needs), your next need would be ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) self-actualization 
B) cognitive 
C) safety 
D) belongingness

Question 2

Which of the following statements about hormones and obesity is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Higher insulin levels can make it more difficult for some people to lose weight. 
B) Lower levels of insulin can make it more difficult for some people to lose weight. 
C) There is no clear evidence that differences in hormone levels can affect weight gain. 
D) Higher melatonin levels can make it more difficult for some people to lose weight. 
E) Lower melatonin levels can make it more difficult for some people to lose weight.

Question 3

Many modern sexual orientation theorists point out that people may experience attraction to people of the same gender, but may not identify themselves as homosexuals. Such a statement makes an important distinction between

Accepted Answer

A) homosexual behaviour and heterosexual behaviour 
B) self-identity and sexual attraction 
C) homosexual behaviour and bisexual behaviour 
D) sexual attraction and sexual behaviour

Question 4

Zhang is about to attempt a relatively easy task and wonders if he should get "pumped" before doing it. What would be the optimal level of arousal for Zhang to succeed at this task?

Accepted Answer

A) Low 
B) Moderate 
C) High 
D) Either low or high 
E) Does not matter

Question 5

Hull suggested that disruptions to an organism's internal physiological equilibrium, also known as ______________, motivates an organism to behave in a certain way in order to reduce tension. Hull refers to this as ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) homeostasis; drive theory 
B) instincts; intrinsic motivation theory 
C) intrinsic motivation; drive theory 
D) homeostasis; intrinsic motivation theory 
E) none of the these

Question 6

What noticeable trends regarding sexual activity are evident in the most recent survey of adults?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What noticeable trends regarding sexual activity are...

Question 7

Humans who do not have access to sensory feedback from their internal organs still experience emotions that are as intense as other people, a finding that provides support for the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

From animal research findings, it appears that when leptin reaches the hypothalamus it inhibits the activity of neurons that release _____________, thereby reducing appetite.

Accepted Answer

A) insulin 
B) neuropeptide 
C) androgen 
D) glucose

Question 9

The general processes that affect the direction, persistence, and strength of goal-directed behaviour are referred to by the broad term _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) incentive 
B) motivation 
C) instinct 
D) emotion

Question 10

Homeostatic models are to incentive theories as ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) instinct is to fixed action pattern 
B) push is to pull 
C) instrumental is to expressive 
D) expectancy is to value

Question 11

A student comes home shivering from the bitter cold outdoors. When the student shivering does not stop for a few minutes, the student has a cup of hot chocolate to warm themselves. The hot drink brought the student's body to a state of ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) disequilibrium 
B) imbalance 
C) fixed point 
D) homoeostasis

Question 12

Describe and contrast the James-Lange theory of emotion and the Cannon-Bard theory. Present research evidence consistent with each theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe and contrast the James-Lange theory of...

Question 13

Let's say that we have a way to measure expectancy, incentive value and motivation. Joel wants to learn to play guitar. Incentive value is a 10 and motivation is 100. According to expectancy value theory, Joel's expectancy is

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 20 
C) 100 
D) 0 
E) 1

Question 14

The refractory period, during which males are temporarily unable to have an orgasm, occurs during the _________ phase of the sexual response cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) orgasm 
B) plateau 
C) excitement 
D) resolution

Question 15

An approach to motivation that proposes that motivated behaviour stems from a person's beliefs that particular behaviours will lead to a goal and from the worth that a person places on that goal is called ________________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A) drive 
B) expectancy * value 
C) intrinsic motivation 
D) social exchange

Question 16

The division between _____________ is not always clear but some theorists suggest that it is best to consider one as a stimulus and the other as a response.

Accepted Answer

A) motivation and emotion 
B) emotion and affect 
C) affect and feeling 
D) drive and instinct

Question 17

Sara and Frank are competing for the same new job. They both very much want the job and believe that it would substantially help their careers. Frank isn't sure that he has the job or interview skills needed to get the job and as a result, he puts a little less effort into his resume and job interview. Sara, on the other hand, believes that she has good interview skills and thinks that she has the talent to get the job. As a result, she prepares at bit harder for this position. The expectancy x value theory of motivation, would most likely explain this difference in motivation as being due to

Accepted Answer

A) their different expectancies regarding their goal-related behaviours 
B) their different growth needs 
C) the different values they placed on the job 
D) their different internal drives

Question 18

According to self-determination theory, people are most fulfilled when they satisfy which three fundamental needs?

Accepted Answer

A) Hunger, thirst, and sex 
B) Hunger, security, and love 
C) Competence, autonomy, and relatedness 
D) Hunger, esteem, and achievement

Question 19

One of the things that makes it difficult for obese people to lose weight is that they have higher levels of _________ in their system, which functions to increase the conversion of food nutrients into fat cells.

Accepted Answer

A) glucose 
B) androgen 
C) insulin 
D) leptin

Question 20

Alicia really likes to play the piano. Her parents decided to support this activity by paying her $20 every time she went to piano practice. Lately, Alicia has found that she does not enjoy playing piano as much any more. This change in Alicia's feelings could be explained by

Accepted Answer

A) self-actualization 
B) the overjustification hypothesis 
C) expectancy-value theory 
D) drive theory 
E) negative reinforcement

Exam 11: Motivation and Emotion

If you are shipwrecked on a desert island. Assuming you can find food and water (physiological needs) , your next need would be ___________.