Question 1

Jeb is finishing high school, and he does not know whether he wants to go to college or get a job.Rather than explore the options, he chooses to stay home during the summer and watch television.Erikson would say that Jeb is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  shame and doubt. 
B)  despair. 
C)  role confusion. 
D)  stagnation.

Question 2

Some people are more temperamentally disposed to be happy, regardless of life events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Regarding early language development, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  By one month of age, infants are using crying to gain attention. 
B)  Babies begin cooing around six to eight weeks of age. 
C)  Cooing is the repetition of consonant and vowel sounds. 
D)  When it first appears, babbling involves the same sounds for infants around the world.

Question 4

Current guidelines suggest that toilet training goes most smoothly when it begins between 18 and 24 months of age.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Pretend play and using one's imagination are important components of which of Erikson's psychosocial dilemmas?

Accepted Answer

A)  trust versus mistrust 
B)  autonomy versus shame and doubt 
C)  initiative versus guilt 
D)  industry versus inferiority

Question 6

In general, one's approach to dying

Accepted Answer

A)  is fixed and invariant. 
B)  should follow Kübler-Ross's order if the person shows successful coping. 
C)  will mirror his or her style of living. 
D)  depends on one's age and gender with young people never reaching acceptance.

Question 7

According to Sarah, she finds her life close to ideal, and, so far, has gotten most of what she has wanted in life.In fact, if she had the opportunity to live her life over, she says that she would change almost nothing.Sarah is high in

Accepted Answer

A)  life satisfaction. 
B)  self-efficacy. 
C)  actualized living. 
D)  resiliency.

Question 8

Whenever Marcia misbehaves, her parents always explain why this behavior is harmful and undesirable.They also praise Marcia when she exhibits mature, responsible behavior, such as helping others.Marcia's parents are using which discipline approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  power assertion 
B)  withdrawal of love 
C)  management techniques 
D)  overly permissive approach

Question 9

Regarding the affectional needs of infants, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  In part to meet their affectional needs, infants rapidly begin to form emotional attachments, or close emotional bonds, with their primary caregivers. 
B)  As infants form their first emotional bond with an adult, usually a parent, they also begin to develop self-awareness and to become aware of others. 
C)  An infant's early social development lays the foundation for subsequent relationships with parents, siblings, friends, and relatives. 
D)  A baby's affectional needs are not important or necessary to meet until an infant becomes self-aware.

Question 10

Regarding evaluations of Piaget's theory, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget underestimated the ability of infants to form internal representations. 
B)  Piaget mistook babies' limited physical skills for a lack of cognitive skills. 
C)  Piaget underestimated the impact of the culture on cognitive development. 
D)  Piaget believed that children as young as age four can understand that other people's mental states differ from their own.

Question 11

In this culture, the father is a strong authority figure who demands obedience from the children at an early age so the family will not be shamed by the child's misbehavior.Although punishment may consist of spankings and teasing, thetraditional authoritarian style in this culture is increasing being tempered with more authoritative elements.Children are encouraged to strive for success and educational achievement and to show conservatism, generosity, hospitality, and thrift.The ethnic community being described is most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  African-American. 
B)  Arab-American. 
C)  Hispanic. 
D)  Asian-American.

Question 12

Elaine and Jeffery have been married for five years.Elaine spends her time taking care of their two-year-old son, while Jeffery spends his time watching television or going out "with the guys." She and Jeffery do not share any common interests, and they seldom talk to each other except about their son.Erikson would say that Elaine is experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  mistrust. 
B)  isolation. 
C)  inferiority. 
D)  despair.

Question 13

The normal order of language development in infancy is

Accepted Answer

A)  cooing, crying, babbling, telegraphic speech, and single-word. 
B)  crying, cooing, babbling, single-word, and telegraphic speech. 
C)  cooing, babbling, crying, and telegraphic speech. 
D)  telegraphic crying, cooing, babbling, and elemental speech.

Question 14

While Felix is in the hospital receiving chemotherapy, he berates the nurses for being too slow and berates his doctors for not "doing enough to stop the cancer." Felix is exhibiting which reaction to impeding death?

Accepted Answer

A)  anger 
B)  denial and isolation 
C)  bargaining 
D)  depression

Question 15

According to Erikson's theory, aging and the threat of death become sources of fear and depression when an elderly person lacks

Accepted Answer

A)  industry. 
B)  integrity. 
C)  trust. 
D)  generativity.

Question 16

Josh is a difficult baby who cries and is hard to console, which makes his parents unhappy and elicits negative parenting.This, in turn, causes Josh to cry more frequently.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocal influences. 
B)  emotional assimilation. 
C)  a parental behavior that would occur even if Josh had an easy temperament. 
D)  all of these.

Question 17

As death draws near, the person begins to recognize that death cannot be prevented and that he or she will be separated from friends, loved ones, and the familiar routines of life.This fourth stage of impending death is

Accepted Answer

A)  anger 
B)  denial and isolation 
C)  bargaining 
D)  depression

Question 18

According to Erikson, a new balance is established between the person and society when the person

Accepted Answer

A)  resolves the conflict between the id and the superego. 
B)  copes successfully with neurotic and moral anxiety. 
C)  becomes fixated at a psychosocial stage. 
D)  resolves the psychosocial dilemma at each life stage.

Question 19

According to Erikson, individuals in their 70s and 80s are facing a time of reflection and the psychosocial conflict of

Accepted Answer

A)  generativity versus stagnation. 
B)  integrity versus despair. 
C)  identity versus role confusion. 
D)  autonomy versus shame and doubt.

Question 20

Regarding older adults, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  After the late 50s, personal development is complicated by physical aging. 
B)  About 20 percent of those older than 65 are in nursing homes. 
C)  Mentally, many elderly persons are at least as capable as the average young adult. 
D)  One is more likely to stay mentally sharp in old age if he or she were satisfied with their accomplishments at midlife.

Exam 3: Human Development

Jeb is finishing high school, and he does not know whether he wants to go to college or get a job.Rather than explore the options, he chooses to stay home during the summer and watch television.Erikson would say that Jeb is exhibiting

Some people are more temperamentally disposed to be happy, regardless of life events.

Regarding early language development, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Current guidelines suggest that toilet training goes most smoothly when it begins between 18 and 24 months of age.

Pretend play and using one's imagination are important components of which of Erikson's psychosocial dilemmas?

In general, one's approach to dying

According to Sarah, she finds her life close to ideal, and, so far, has gotten most of what she has wanted in life.In fact, if she had the opportunity to live her life over, she says that she would change almost nothing.Sarah is high in

Whenever Marcia misbehaves, her parents always explain why this behavior is harmful and undesirable.They also praise Marcia when she exhibits mature, responsible behavior, such as helping others.Marcia's parents are using which discipline approach?

Regarding the affectional needs of infants, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Regarding evaluations of Piaget's theory, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The normal order of language development in infancy is

While Felix is in the hospital receiving chemotherapy, he berates the nurses for being too slow and berates his doctors for not "doing enough to stop the cancer." Felix is exhibiting which reaction to impeding death?

According to Erikson's theory, aging and the threat of death become sources of fear and depression when an elderly person lacks

Josh is a difficult baby who cries and is hard to console, which makes his parents unhappy and elicits negative parenting.This, in turn, causes Josh to cry more frequently.This illustrates

As death draws near, the person begins to recognize that death cannot be prevented and that he or she will be separated from friends, loved ones, and the familiar routines of life.This fourth stage of impending death is

According to Erikson, a new balance is established between the person and society when the person

According to Erikson, individuals in their 70s and 80s are facing a time of reflection and the psychosocial conflict of

Regarding older adults, which of the following statements is FALSE?