Question 1

Katie feels as if her sorority is made up of many diverse and unique members.However, she feels like fraternities are composed of males who are all very similar to each other.Her bias is known as

Accepted Answer

A) the mere-exposure phenomenon. 
B) the outgroup homogeneity effect. 
C) a self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D) confirmation bias.

Question 2

Which of the following predictions would the kin selection hypothesis make?

Accepted Answer

A) A childless couple will help their siblings' children. 
B) A gay couple will adopt children of their own. 
C) A couple with biological children will adopt another child. 
D) A man who has never had children will marry a woman with two kids.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A) You were raised to believe that sex before marriage is wrong, but as an unmarried adult you have sex with your romantic partner. 
B) Over time you have come to realize that your parents are not always right. 
C) While you used to dislike your boss, over the past few years you have actually grown to like her. 
D) You rarely speak to the person who was once your best friend.

Question 4

The foot-in-the-door compliance technique, in which people start by asking for a small request that is followed by a larger request, works through the principle of

Accepted Answer

A) reciprocity. 
B) commitment. 
C) transitivity. 
D) social proof.

Question 5

Kate is prejudiced against minorities.Kate's new roommate is black, but Kate quickly discovers that her roommate is smart, funny, and empathetic.Kate feels anxious whenever she is with her roommate because Kate's prejudices conflict with her belief that her roommate is a good person.Kate is experiencing

Accepted Answer

A) a conflict between implicit and explicit attitudes. 
B) the effect of exposure on socialization. 
C) the process of extinguishing a conditioned attitude. 
D) cognitive dissonance.

Question 6

In making attributions about the behavior of people around them, people from Western cultures tend to use factors and people from Eastern cultures tend to use factors.

Accepted Answer

A) personal; personal and situational 
B) personal and situational; personal 
C) situational; personal and situational 
D) personal and situational; situational

Question 7

Passionate love is associated with which brain structures?

Accepted Answer

A) increased activity in brain circuits that control impulses 
B) increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, the area involved in decision making 
C) decreased activity in the prefrontal cortex, the area involved in decision making 
D) increased activity in the dopamine reward systems, the same systems involved in drug addiction

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the findings on gender and ingroup bias?

Accepted Answer

A) There are no gender differences in the expression of ingroup bias. 
B) Women show a stronger ingroup bias toward other women. 
C) Men show a stronger ingroup bias toward other men. 
D) Women show a stronger ingroup bias, except when the grouping is determined by sex.

Question 9

Imagine that you are asked to set up your best friend, Tina, on a blind date.Assuming you are using evolutionary theories of attraction, which potential partner would you pick for her?

Accepted Answer

A) Paul, who is very smart 
B) Justin, who is witty 
C) Nick, who is wealthy 
D) Taylor, who is young

Question 10

In Milgram's obedience studies, about percent of the participants administered the maximum shock, and of them tried to quit the study.

Accepted Answer

A) 66; almost all 
B) 50; almost all 
C) 25; 50 percent 
D) 15; 50 percent

Question 11

Mandy believes all engineers are unimaginative.Working on the literary magazine, she meets Josiah, who is an engineering major and a writer of fascinating short stories.Mandy is likely to handle this contradiction by deciding that

Accepted Answer

A) Josiah is the exception to the rule about engineers. 
B) engineers can be interesting and creative. 
C) Josiah does not really want to be an engineer. 
D) creativity is different in engineers.

Question 12

Medical interns and residents are often required to work such long shifts that they are always exhausted and do not function optimally.Dissonance theory would suggest that a possible motivation for this policy is to

Accepted Answer

A) prepare them to work under highly stressful conditions. 
B) test their dedication to becoming doctors. 
C) increase the value they place on being doctors. 
D) identify those who are too prone to making mistakes under pressure.

Question 13

During the election, you volunteer to make phone calls on behalf of a local democratic candidate.You want to predict the voting behaviors of the people you call.What question should you ask them?

Accepted Answer

A) You should ask about their specific attitude toward your candidate. 
B) You should ask about their overall attitude toward the Democratic Party. 
C) You should ask about whether they have heard stories about your candidate. 
D) You should ask about their overall attitude toward the Republican Party.

Question 14

Negative feelings and opinions about someone due to the group he or she belongs to are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) discrimination. 
B) prejudice. 
C) ingroup/outgroup bias. 
D) stereotype.

Question 15

In terms of how they explain their partner's behavior, the happiest couples engage in positive illusions, which lead to

Accepted Answer

A) describing each other's behavior in very realistic terms. 
B) criticizing bad behavior. 
C) making partner-enhancing attributions. 
D) completely ignoring bad behavior.

Question 16

When are you likely to see the LEAST amount of prosocial helping?

Accepted Answer

A) when there is 1 bystander 
B) when there are 2 bystanders 
C) when there are 5 bystanders 
D) when there are 10 bystanders

Question 17

Romantic conflict is predicted by

Accepted Answer

A) mental withdrawing. 
B) defensiveness. 
C) contempt. 
D) All of the answer options are correct.

Question 18

Song and Prakash are both taking a very difficult and quite boring class in symbolic logic.Song freely chose to take this class as an optional elective course.Prakash is taking the class because it is required for his major.When asked about the class, cognitive dissonance theory would predict that Song would say it is and Prakash would say it is .

Accepted Answer

A) terrible; terrible 
B) terrible; enjoyable 
C) enjoyable; enjoyable 
D) enjoyable; terrible

Question 19

If you find yourself in a situation where you need help, what can you do to overcome bystander apathy?

Accepted Answer

A) make sure you are in a situation with many people 
B) make a general plea for assistance 
C) point to a specific person and make a direct request 
D) act relaxed to avoid scaring people

Question 20

Modern racism is most likely to be demonstrated by

Accepted Answer

A) explicitly negative attitudes and behaviors to minority groups. 
B) overt negativity toward minority groups. 
C) publicly revealed racist attitudes. 
D) indifference toward the concerns of minority group members.

Exam 12: Social Psychology