Question 1

Human beings have evolved as social animals who live in groups, in part because

Accepted Answer

A) members of the same group do not constitute a danger to each other. 
B) mating within a group increases the probability of a healthy offspring. 
C) groups provide safety from competing groups and predators. 
D) members of the same groups provide less competition for mates.

Question 2

In light of Asch's work on conformity, you could predict that obedience in the Milgram study would have DECREASED greatly under which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) if the learner is more similar to the teacher 
B) if a confederate helps administer the shocks 
C) if a confederate refuses to administer the shocks 
D) if the experimenter criticizes the learner

Question 3

When white participants in a psychology study were shown pictures of black faces, activation was observed immediately in the .With more time, the became activated.

Accepted Answer

A) frontal lobes; amygdala 
B) amygdala; frontal lobes 
C) prefrontal cortex; hippocampus 
D) hippocampus; prefrontal cortex

Question 4

Given what you know about the role of gender in creating ingroup/outgroup biases, you could predict that the largest number of close friendship groups would be found in

Accepted Answer

A) all-male dormitories. 
B) all-female dormitories. 
C) dormitories that are coed by room. 
D) dormitories that are coed by floor.

Question 5

You are designing a group project for your students.Given what you know about how groups influence individual behavior, you set up your group project so that

Accepted Answer

A) each student is responsible for some component of the project to decrease social loafing. 
B) each student's effort on the project is anonymous to decrease social loafing. 
C) each student is responsible for some component of the project to increase social loafing. 
D) each student's effort on the project is anonymous to increase social loafing.

Question 6

Lokelani is a stunningly beautiful 25-year-old.The research on physical attractiveness suggests that she will

Accepted Answer

A) usually have her intelligence and happiness overestimated. 
B) be more successful and more interesting than most people. 
C) never develop her other abilities and opportunities. 
D) receive higher fines and penalties than less attractive people.

Question 7

Melissa knows that miscommunications are more likely when she uses text messages and emails, as compared to speaking to someone face-to-face.To ensure that her messages are clearly understood, she should do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) only send short text messages and emails 
B) use emoticons to express nonverbal cues 
C) restrict her texts and emails to people she knows very well 
D) text and email with those who are likely to make distress-maintaining attributions

Question 8

While observing people in a park you realize that many of the couples you see look alike.It seems like two attractive people or two unattractive people are often together.This phenomenon is called

Accepted Answer

A) proximity. 
B) mere-exposure. 
C) the matching principle. 
D) familiarity.

Question 9

Jerry is someone who doesn't think very highly of postal workers.Which of the following statements would be most consistent with the concept of outgroup homogeneity?

Accepted Answer

A) "If you've seen one postal worker, you've seen them all." 
B) "If you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours." 
C) "You can't judge a book by its cover." 
D) "They would let anyone be a postal worker."

Question 10

If Lisa is denied employment because of her weight, this incident is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) prejudice. 
B) discrimination. 
C) ingroup/outgroup bias. 
D) self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 11

When public schools were desegregated, people thought that simply having black and white students attend school together would reduce stereotypes and prejudice.Given what you know about intergroup contact, why did this approach fail?

Accepted Answer

A) The groups were too different for students to find common similarities. 
B) Contact alone could not overcome existing hostility. 
C) Contact can work to reduce some outgroup bias, but not for racial differences. 
D) Disparities between the groups deepened existing hostilities.

Question 12

In light of the results of the Milgram studies, which of the following soldiers would you expect to have the LEAST trouble carrying out his or her orders?

Accepted Answer

A) a soldier shooting an enemy soldier at a distance of 10 feet 
B) a soldier shooting enemy soldiers from inside a tank 
C) a marine strangling an enemy sailor in hand-to-hand combat 
D) a pilot dropping a bomb on an enemy airbase

Question 13

Shared goals that require cooperation are called

Accepted Answer

A) implicit goals. 
B) superordinate goals. 
C) subordinate goals. 
D) cooperative goals.

Question 14

Alyssa and Orlando have been together for three years.The first year was filled with an overwhelming urge to spend all their time together, and every meeting was intense and arousing.Their relationship now is less intense, but involves deep caring and intimacy.According to Hatfield and Berscheid, Alyssa and Orlando have moved from love to love.

Accepted Answer

A) companionate; passionate 
B) passionate; companionate 
C) infatuated; mature 
D) physical; friendly

Question 15

The first day of class you are not sure if you are going to like your professor.However, by the end of the semester, you find that you feel positively toward her.This change is likely the result of

Accepted Answer

A) mere-exposure. 
B) bystander apathy. 
C) attractiveness. 
D) similarity.

Question 16

Imagine you are recruiting people to volunteer to do part-time tutoring of elementary school kids.Dissonance theory would suggest that a successful strategy to enhance the commitment of the volunteers would be to pay them

Accepted Answer

A) only a token amount of money for volunteering. 
B) fairly little to begin with but increased wages over time. 
C) a large bonus if things go well after three months. 
D) a large training salary but a fairly low tutoring salary.

Question 17

Which of the following best summarizes the findings from Sherif's boys' summer camp experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) Just putting the two groups in contact with each other reduced the fighting. 
B) Having the two groups work on tasks with shared goals reduced the fighting. 
C) Neither strategy reduced the fighting, as these groups had a long history of fighting. 
D) Hostility was only reduced while they were working toward a shared goal.

Question 18

In the , people will be more likely to agree with a small request after they have refused a large request.

Accepted Answer

A) door-in-the-face technique 
B) foot-in-the-door effect 
C) lowballing strategy 
D) gradual acquiescence theory

Question 19

When Milgram decreased the physical distance between the teacher and the learner in his obedience studies so that the teacher could see the learner, the level of obedience

Accepted Answer

A) decreased. 
B) increased slightly. 
C) did not change. 
D) increased a great deal.

Question 20

The implicit association test is particularly adept at assessing modern racism because it

Accepted Answer

A) measures explicit attitudes. 
B) measures implicit attitudes. 
C) requires participants to self-report past discrimination. 
D) requires participants to self-report potential future discrimination.

Exam 12: Social Psychology