Question 1

The matching hypothesis suggests that we are likely to end up with someone __________

Accepted Answer

A)  high in altruism. 
B)  who is slightly more popular than we are. 
C)  similar to ourselves in attractiveness. 
D)  who possesses traits we wish we had.

Question 2

Clay, a professional football player, feels that when his team wins it is because of his play. However, recently when his team lost, Clay went on TV to complain about the poor officiating in the game. This is an example of__________

Accepted Answer

A)  a self-fulfilling prophecy. 
B)  a situational bias. 
C)  an internal bias. 
D)  a self-serving bias.

Question 3

Our overall impression of, and attitude toward, an individual is often predominantly influenced by the first information we receive about that person, rather than information that comes later. This phenomenon is called the __________

Accepted Answer

A)  first-person effect. 
B)  primacy effect. 
C)  social contagion effect. 
D)  situational attribution effect.

Question 4

What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanations of the behavior of others and to ignore the influence of the situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  availability heuristic 
B)  augmenting principle 
C)  self-fulfilling prophecy 
D)  fundamental attribution error

Question 5

Which communicator would likely be the most persuasive?

Accepted Answer

A)  an attractive person who is an expert 
B)  a moderately attractive person who is an expert 
C)  an attractive person who has moderate expertise 
D)  a moderately attractive person who has moderate expertise

Question 6

In the presence of others, performance suffers on difficult tasks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The frustration-aggression hypothesis suggests that __________

Accepted Answer

A)  frustration does not produce aggression. 
B)  frustration that is objective, not emotional, produces aggression. 
C)  frustration produces aggression. 
D)  there is a negative correlation between frustration and aggression.

Question 8

A type of prosocial behavior is __________

Accepted Answer

A)  altruism. 
B)  bystander apathy. 
C)  diffusion of responsibility. 
D)  empathetic stereotype.

Question 9

Which statement best describes an important finding of Milgram's classic research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals easily conform to group norms. 
B)  The presence of other people makes aggression more likely. 
C)  People will easily obey an authority figure and do harm to others. 
D)  Agreeing to a small request makes it more likely you will agree to a big request.

Question 10

What is the term for an improvement in performance caused by the perception that others are watching?

Accepted Answer

A)  social loafing 
B)  social idleness 
C)  social facilitation 
D)  social productivity

Question 11

Carlos and his work associates form a close, friendly group, and they usually work well together. However, they may face a problem involving an extreme form of conformity called __________

Accepted Answer

A)  fundamental attribution error. 
B)  generational identity. 
C)  groupthink. 
D)  self-serving bias.

Question 12

What do we call judgments about people, situations, objects, or thoughts?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitions 
B)  stereotypes 
C)  attitudes 
D)  attributions

Question 13

Which of the following has NOT been linked to higher levels of aggression in males?

Accepted Answer

A)  high testosterone levels 
B)  a tendency toward risky behavior 
C)  alcohol usage 
D)  high arousal levels of the autonomic nervous system

Question 14

It is, perhaps, a safe assumption that most people who smoke know that it is not good for their health. Using the principle of cognitive dissonance, describe three examples of several things that a smoker might do to reduce their dissonance, making sure to include at least one example from each of the three actions noted by the textbook.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is, perhaps, a safe assumption that...

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT true about child abuse?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most abusive parents were abused as children. 
B)  Abused children are exposed to aggressive models. 
C)  About a third of the children who were abused will grow up to become abusers. 
D)  Some abused children grow up to become withdrawn and isolated.

Question 16

Roberta is trying to decide whether to vote for a political candidate. Based on what she has read about him, she has concluded that he is not qualified for the position, but she agrees with his political positions. Also, she trusts him and likes his decisive personality. In fact, she likes him so much that she sent a small donation to his campaign. Her opinion that the candidate is not qualified represents the __________ component of her attitude toward him.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive 
B)  feeling 
C)  intuition 
D)  behavioral

Question 17

Which of the following would result in cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wearing glasses is dignified; a respected political leader wears glasses. 
B)  Dresses are feminine; Britney Spears wears dresses. 
C)  Pink shirts are effeminate; Hulk Hogan wears pink shirts. 
D)  Orange juice is healthy; I love orange juice.

Question 18

Prejudice is to __________ as discrimination is to __________

Accepted Answer

A)  in-group; out-group. 
B)  attitude; behavior. 
C)  scapegoating; stereotype. 
D)  antisocial; prosocial.

Question 19

Which statement correctly characterizes one aspect of Stanley Milgram's study of obedience?

Accepted Answer

A)  Subjects were shown an ominous-looking shock machine that was marked 0 to 450 volts. 
B)  Participants in the study were randomly assigned to be teachers or learners. 
C)  Participants were shocked when they made errors in reciting word pairs. 
D)  A learner and the teacher sat side by side across from the shock machine.

Question 20

An individual who exerts less effort when working on a group task if individual contributions will not be evaluated is engaging in what is called __________

Accepted Answer

A)  social loafing. 
B)  social idleness. 
C)  social facilitation. 
D)  the goof-off phenomenon.

Exam 16: Social Psychology