Question 1

Kara takes her 1-year-old son, Delaney, to visit a day-care center where she plans to enroll him. Delaney appears very anxious and is unwilling to explore the playroom, even though Kara is close by. When his mom leaves the room to fill out some forms, Delaney becomes extremely upset. When Kara returns he clings to her leg, but does not calm down and continues to sob. This is the type of interaction you might observe between a child and a parent who

Accepted Answer

A)  share a secure attachment relationship. 
B)  share an avoidant attachment relationship. 
C)  have not yet developed an attachment relationship. 
D)  share an anxious-ambivalent attachment relationship.

Question 2

When Teresa's mother hides her favorite doll under a blanket, Teresa acts as if it no longer exists, and she makes no attempt to look for it. Based on this information, you can infer that Teresa is in Piaget's

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor period of cognitive development. 
B)  formal period of cognitive development. 
C)  concrete period of cognitive development. 
D)  preoperational period of cognitive development.

Question 3

According to Vygotsky, the gap between what a learner can accomplish alone, and what the learner can achieve with guidance from more skilled partners, refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  hierarchical classification. 
B)  scaffolding. 
C)  the zone of proximal development. 
D)  conservation.

Question 4

The close, emotional bond of affection between an infant and its caregiver is called

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment. 
B)  dependency. 
C)  imprinting. 
D)  identification.

Question 5

Jasmin takes her 1-year-old son, Randy, to visit a day-care center where she plans to enroll him. Randy eagerly explores the playroom, and when his mom leaves the room to fill out some forms he shows no signs of concern. When Jasmin returns, he shows little interest and continues to play with the toys he has collected. This is the type of interaction you might observe between a child and a parent who

Accepted Answer

A)  share an anxious-ambivalent attachment relationship. 
B)  share a secure attachment relationship. 
C)  have not yet developed an attachment relationship. 
D)  share an avoidant attachment relationship.

Question 6

Erik Erikson's developmental stages are organized around potential turning points called

Accepted Answer

A)  fixation points. 
B)  psychosocial crises. 
C)  developmental tasks. 
D)  psychosexual crises.

Question 7

A ____ implants itself into the uterine wall and becomes ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  fetus; a zygote 
B)  sperm; an egg 
C)  zygote; an embryo 
D)  embryo; a fetus

Question 8

Physical growth during infancy tends to be

Accepted Answer

A)  slow and steady. 
B)  slow and episodic. 
C)  rapid and steady. 
D)  rapid and episodic.

Question 9

The ____ stage of prenatal development lasts from two months after conception through birth.

Accepted Answer

A)  fetal 
B)  germinal 
C)  embryonic 
D)  zygote

Question 10

Using the temperament categories outlined by Thomas and Chess, which category would an active infant who always seems to be happy, has a regular schedule, and whose parents know that he will sleep through the night without waking, even when he stays overnight with his grandparents be considered to have?

Accepted Answer

A)  a difficult temperament 
B)  a slow-to-warm-up temperament 
C)  an uninhibited temperament 
D)  an easy temperament

Question 11

Children's thought processes are particularly egocentric during which Piagetian stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operations 
D)  formal operations

Question 12

Experience and training exert their effects on motor behavior

Accepted Answer

A)  more as the child becomes older. 
B)  less as the child becomes older. 
C)  most at the very first, and less as the child grows older. 
D)  about equally at all phases of development.

Question 13

How do children develop special attachments to their mothers according to a behavioral theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mother provides innate contact comfort to the infant. 
B)  The infant is biologically programmed to emit behavior that triggers a protective response from adult females. 
C)  The mother becomes a conditioned reinforcer because she is associated with the reinforcing act of being fed. 
D)  Maternal attachment behavior is the result of reproductive fitness.

Question 14

The fact that children in different cultures ____ in the age at which basic motor skills appear demonstrates that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  vary somewhat; genetic factors can slow or accelerate early motor development 
B)  vary somewhat; environmental factors can slow or accelerate early motor development 
C)  do not vary; genetic factors alone determine early motor development 
D)  do not vary; environmental factors alone determine early motor development

Question 15

One-year-old Beth will explore a room when her mother is present. She becomes upset when her mother leaves the room and is quickly calmed when her mother returns. Beth exhibits

Accepted Answer

A)  an avoidant attachment. 
B)  an anxious-ambivalent attachment. 
C)  a disorganized-disoriented attachment. 
D)  a secure attachment.

Question 16

A child who successfully completes stage 1 of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development will acquire

Accepted Answer

A)  an ability to initiate one's own activities. 
B)  self-sufficiency. 
C)  a sense of competence. 
D)  optimism and trust toward the world.

Question 17

Cultural variations in the emergence of basic skills such as sitting and walking demonstrate that environmental factors

Accepted Answer

A)  do not affect early motor development. 
B)  can accelerate or slow early motor development. 
C)  can accelerate early motor development. 
D)  can slow early motor development.

Question 18

During elementary school, children gradually acquire the ability to take the perspective of others. In other words, they

Accepted Answer

A)  develop the ability to classify objects. 
B)  come to appreciate the logic of relations. 
C)  become less imitative. 
D)  become less egocentric.

Question 19

Your son has developed facial hair and now needs to shave; he also has developed much wider shoulders. These changes reflect the emergence of

Accepted Answer

A)  primary sexual characteristics. 
B)  secondary sexual characteristics. 
C)  tertiary sexual characteristics. 
D)  peripheral sexual characteristics.

Question 20

The developing organism becomes capable of physical movement during the

Accepted Answer

A)  germinal stage. 
B)  fetal stage. 
C)  embryonic stage. 
D)  postnatal stage.

Exam 21: Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1