Question 1

Avoidant attachments seem to be ____ common in German infants, and ____ common in Japanese infants, than in American infants.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; more 
B)  more; less 
C)  less; more 
D)  less; less

Question 2

Psychologists who support ____ theories suggest that certain basic cognitive abilities are biologically built into, or prewired into, the neural make-up of humans.

Accepted Answer

A)  nativist and behavioral 
B)  nativist and evolutionary 
C)  humanistic and evolutionary 
D)  behavioral and humanistic

Question 3

Securely attached children also tend to show all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  more persistence. 
B)  greater curiosity. 
C)  greater leadership. 
D)  less obedience.

Question 4

Maturation is

Accepted Answer

A)  the age at which a baby can survive in the event of a premature birth. 
B)  the sequence of age-related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death. 
C)  development that reflects experience and learning. 
D)  development that reflects the gradual unfolding of one's genetic blueprint.

Question 5

The germinal stage of prenatal development is

Accepted Answer

A)  the first two weeks after conception. 
B)  from two weeks until the end of the second month after conception. 
C)  from two months after conception through birth. 
D)  the first three months after conception.

Question 6

At the end of the ____ stage of prenatal development, the developing organism is about one inch long and has already developed most of the vital organs and bodily structures.

Accepted Answer

A)  germinal 
B)  embryonic 
C)  zygote 
D)  fetal

Question 7

Omar's wife conceived a baby seven days ago, and does not yet know she is pregnant. His wife's pregnancy is currently in the

Accepted Answer

A)  germinal stage 
B)  embryonic stage 
C)  fetal stage 
D)  placental stage

Question 8

The proximodistal trend in physical development suggests that infants will be able to control their

Accepted Answer

A)  shoulders and arms before they can control their hands and fingers. 
B)  shoulders and arms before they can control their hips and legs. 
C)  hips and legs before they can control their shoulders and arms. 
D)  hands and fingers before they can control their shoulders and arms.

Question 9

The correct sequence of the stages of prenatal development are

Accepted Answer

A)  germinal, fetal, embryonic. 
B)  embryonic, fetal, germinal. 
C)  germinal, embryonic, fetal. 
D)  fetal, germinal, embryonic.

Question 10

Mercedes takes her 1-year-old son, Justice, to visit a day-care center where she plans to enroll him. Justice eagerly explores the playroom as long as Mercedes is present. When his mom leaves the room to fill out some forms, Justice becomes somewhat upset, but when Mercedes returns, he quickly calms down. This is the type of interaction you might observe between a child and a parent who

Accepted Answer

A)  share an avoidant attachment relationship. 
B)  share an anxious-ambivalent attachment relationship. 
C)  share a secure attachment relationship. 
D)  have not yet developed an attachment relationship.

Question 11

George watched as a researcher placed five toy dogs and three toy cats on a table. When the researcher asked George if there are more dogs or more animals, George correctly answered more animals. George's behavior indicates that he understands ____ and is in the ____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)  hierarchical classification; preoperational 
B)  hierarchical classification; concrete operational 
C)  conservation; concrete operational 
D)  conservation; formal operational

Question 12

According to Erikson, the first stage of development (birth to one year) is a period when the infant develops the basic characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)  initiative versus guilt. 
B)  autonomy versus shame and doubt. 
C)  industry versus inferiority. 
D)  trust versus mistrust.

Question 13

Assumptions of stage theorists of development include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals progress through specified stages in a particular order. 
B)  each stage builds on the previous stage. 
C)  progress through stages is strongly related to physical maturation. 
D)  development is marked by discontinuities that guide in dramatic changes in behavior.

Question 14

By age two, what percentage of children in the United States are in full-time day care?

Accepted Answer

A)  12% 
B)  24% 
C)  43% 
D)  55%

Question 15

At puberty, females experience ____ and males experience ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in hormone levels; an increase in hormone levels 
B)  an increase in hormone levels; a decrease in hormone levels 
C)  menarche; spermarche 
D)  spermarche; menarche

Question 16

Mrs. Potter asks Malik if he wants his sandwich in one piece, or cut into two pieces. Malik asks her to keep it in one piece, because he isn't hungry enough to eat two pieces. Malik's answer suggests that he

Accepted Answer

A)  has not yet mastered object permanence. 
B)  cannot assimilate changes in the shape of the sandwich. 
C)  cannot accommodate changes in the shape of the sandwich. 
D)  does not yet understand conservation.

Question 17

If you join your friends in a protest against nuclear power primarily because you want their approval, rather than because of any strong conviction you have about nuclear power, you would be said to be at which of the following levels of moral development?

Accepted Answer

A)  unconventional 
B)  conventional 
C)  preconventional 
D)  postconventional

Question 18

To Piaget, cognitive development involves

Accepted Answer

A)  stages that are characterized by fundamentally different thought processes. 
B)  increases in the quantity, but not the quality, of knowledge with age. 
C)  passive reception of environmental stimuli. 
D)  age-related changes in attention and memory.

Question 19

Both Jason and Bradley believe that their dad should not drive over the speed limit on their family vacation to Florida. While Jason does not want his dad to get a speeding ticket, Bradley believes that rules are rules and laws are laws and need to be obeyed. Jason's reasoning is characteristic of the ____ level and Bradley's is characteristic of the ____ level of moral development.

Accepted Answer

A)  preconventional; postconventional 
B)  preconventional; conventional 
C)  conventional; preconventional 
D)  postconventional; preconventional

Question 20

If a child is born with a small head, heart defects, irritability, hyperactivity, and retarded mental and motor development, the mother MOST likely ____ during her pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

A)  consumed excessive amounts of alcohol 
B)  smoked excessively 
C)  was severely malnourished 
D)  had a disease such as rubella, syphilis or mumps

Exam 21: Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Avoidant attachments seem to be common in German infants, and common in Japanese infants, than in American infants.