Question 1

The_______________ is a controversial method for measuring prejudice, which pairs positive and negative words with black or white faces and then measures the participant's reaction time.

Accepted Answer

A)  Implicit Associations Test (IAT) 
B)  fMRI Test 
C)  Social Distance Procedure 
D)  Mood Awareness Scale

Question 2

Which of the following is a situation that increases the likelihood someone will act altruistically?

Accepted Answer

A)  No one is actually in danger or in need of help. 
B)  He or she becomes entrapped by previous actions. 
C)  He or she is the only person willing to act. 
D)  There are no situational factors that increase altruistic behaviour.

Question 3

Resistance to groupthink can be fostered by:

Accepted Answer

A)  fostering strong, directive leadership. 
B)  asking group members to generate as many alternative solutions as possible. 
C)  discouraging doubt and dissent. 
D)  helping members focus on being team players.

Question 4

Donald enters an elevator and stands in it, facing the back instead of turning around to face the elevator door. Donald is violating:

Accepted Answer

A)  his gender role. 
B)  a social role. 
C)  a norm. 
D)  a stereotype.

Question 5

Which of the following is the most common explanation of bystander apathy?

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion of responsibility 
B)  entrapment 
C)  blaming the victim 
D)  acculturation

Question 6

In the Milgram study, under which of the following conditions were the participants (teachers) most likely to disobey orders from experimenters?

Accepted Answer

A)  when the participant and the learner were in separate rooms 
B)  when two experimenters both encouraged the participant to continue 
C)  when the participant worked with a peer who refused to continue the procedure 
D)  when the person ordering them to continue was a Ph.D. and wore a lab coat

Question 7

What important positive role do stereotypes play in human thinking?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What important positive role do stereotypes play...

Question 8

According to C. P. Snow, "more hideous crimes have been committed in the name of ________ than in the name of rebellion."

Accepted Answer

A)  obedience 
B)  conformity 
C)  religion 
D)  the law

Question 9

The mayor in your city has been dealing with a clash between downtown business owners and the homeless. Business owners are constantly calling the police about loitering and homeless people often vandalize "unfriendly" businesses. The mayor decides to set up a program where business owners and the homeless have a luncheon at the park together and each business owner is matched to a homeless person who they "sponsor" for the year, providing food and clean clothes throughout the year. The program is a huge success and the conflicts between the groups end within a year. The success can be explained by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the contact hypothesis. 
B)  self-serving bias. 
C)  the just-world hypothesis. 
D)  entrapment.

Question 10

Adora, Yvette, and twelve of their closest friends from college plan to go to Key West during reading week. As members of the anonymous crowd of college students, Adora and Yvette will most likely:

Accepted Answer

A)  conform to the situation's specific norms and say, "Let's party!" 
B)  conform to the local norms of the city of Key West. 
C)  become uninhibited because mindlessness is increased in a large group. 
D)  become combative because aggressiveness is released in the large group.

Question 11

One common form of oversimplification is argument by anecdote. Anecdotes are often a source of stereotyping as well. Explain how an anecdote might be a source of stereotyping. Illustrate your explanation with an example that could show how a stereotype could develop.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One common form of oversimplification is argument...

Question 12

Angela is a participant in a replication of a very famous psychology experiment. Along with seven other students seated in a room, she is shown a 10-inch test line, and then everyone takes turns identifying another line that matches the test line in length (choosing from a set of three lines). The experimenter is interested in studying:

Accepted Answer

A)  visual perception. 
B)  depth perception. 
C)  absolute threshold. 
D)  conformity.

Question 13

Solomon Asch, in his experiments testing conformity, wanted to know what people would do when a group unanimously contradicted an obvious fact. What was found in Asch's studies and in the many replications of his work?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Solomon Asch, in his experiments testing conformity,...

Question 14

In the Stanford prison study, male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. The researchers found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  within a short time the prisoners became distressed and felt helpless, developing emotional symptoms and physical ailments. 
B)  about five percent of the guards became tyrannical, giving the prisoners electric shocks when they were slow in obeying their orders. 
C)  90 percent of the guards tried to be "tough but fair" and demanded that the tyrannical guards lighten up on the prisoners because it was only a simulation. 
D)  the study was conducted in an unused wing of a real prison; therefore, the realistic atmosphere enhanced the role behaviour of prisoners and guards.

Question 15

A psychological cause of prejudice is that it:

Accepted Answer

A)  reduces feelings of entrapment. 
B)  increases self-esteem. 
C)  increases altruistic behaviour. 
D)  decreases us-them thinking.

Question 16

Critics of the Stanford prison study argue that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the methodology was flawed, because participants were not randomly assigned to either the prisoner role or the guard role. 
B)  by stopping the study after six days instead of letting it continue for the two-week experimental period, the researchers had not allowed enough time for dramatic change to occur. 
C)  a makeshift prison in the basement of a university building was not an effective setting to investigate the factors involved. 
D)  briefing the guards at the beginning of the study influenced their behaviour, and the study merely showed how willingly people obey orders.

Question 17

When people are in large crowds and anonymous situations:

Accepted Answer

A)  they conform to the situation's specific norms. 
B)  they become mindless and no longer conform to any social norms. 
C)  they become uninhibited and their sexual urges are released. 
D)  they become combative and their aggressiveness is released.

Question 18

Lucas walks around his busy university campus between classes. He notices smoke coming from the side of the cafeteria, but assumes that someone inside already has called the fire department. What phenomenon does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  the just-world hypothesis 
B)  diffusion of responsibility 
C)  deindividuation 
D)  groupthink

Question 19

The philosopher Hannah Arendt, when covering the trial of Adolf Eichmann, used the phrase "the banality of evil" to explain how so many people in Nazi Germany supervised the deportation and death of millions of Jews. What does this phrase mean?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The philosopher Hannah Arendt, when covering the...

Question 20

What is an attitude? Give an example of an attitude that would be considered explicit and one that would be considered implicit.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is an attitude? Give an example...

Exam 8: Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context