Question 1

Concentration of the tubular filtrate by the countercurrent mechanism is dependent on all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  High salt concentration in the medulla 
B)  Water-impermeable walls of the ascending loop of Henle 
C)  Reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the ascending loop of Henle 
D)  Active transport reabsorption of sodium and glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule 
A)  High salt concentration in the medulla 
B)  Water-impermeable walls of the ascending loop of Henle 
C)  Reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the ascending loop of Henle 
D)  Active transport reabsorption of sodium and glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 2

The normal serum osmolality is:

Accepted Answer

A)  50 to 100 mOsm 
B)  275 to 300 mOsm 
C)  400 to 500 mOsm 
D)  Three times urine osmolality 
A)  50 to 100 mOsm 
B)  275 to 300 mOsm 
C)  400 to 500 mOsm 
D)  Three times urine osmolality

Question 3

Production of antidiuretic hormone is controlled by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Osmotic gradient of the medulla 
B)  Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 
C)  State of body hydration 
D)  Cells of the renal cortex 
A)  Osmotic gradient of the medulla 
B)  Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 
C)  State of body hydration 
D)  Cells of the renal cortex

Question 4

Performing an estimated glomerular filtration rate is helpful for determining:

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal concentrating ability 
B)  The feasibility of administering medications 
C)  Early renal disease 
D)  Renal blood flow 
A)  Renal concentrating ability 
B)  The feasibility of administering medications 
C)  Early renal disease 
D)  Renal blood flow

Question 5

The approximate number of nephrons contained in each kidney is:

Accepted Answer

A)  100,000 
B)  500,000 
C)  1,000,000 
D)  5,000,000 
A)  100,000 
B)  500,000 
C)  1,000,000 
D)  5,000,000

Question 6

A laboratory supervisor is authorized to purchase a new osmometer.The supervisor must decide between a freezing-point and a vapor-pressure model.
-Using the information provided,what substance is used as a reference standard in both models?

Accepted Answer

A)  KCl 
B)  Distilled water 
C)  NaCl 
D)  Deionized water 
A)  KCl 
B)  Distilled water 
C)  NaCl 
D)  Deionized water

Question 7

Calculate the creatinine clearance for a patient of average size from the following data:?Urine volume: 720 mL for 12 hours?Urine creatinine: 120 mg/dL?Serum creatinine: 1.5 mg/dL

Accepted Answer

A)  60 mL/min 
B)  80 mL/min 
C)  100 mL/min 
D)  120 mL/min 
A)  60 mL/min 
B)  80 mL/min 
C)  100 mL/min 
D)  120 mL/min

Question 8

For active transport to occur a substance:

Accepted Answer

A)  Must combine with a carrier protein to create electrochemical energy 
B)  Must be filtered through the proximal convoluted tubule 
C)  Must be in higher concentration in the filtrate than in the blood 
D)  Must be in higher concentration in the blood than in the filtrate 
A)  Must combine with a carrier protein to create electrochemical energy 
B)  Must be filtered through the proximal convoluted tubule 
C)  Must be in higher concentration in the filtrate than in the blood 
D)  Must be in higher concentration in the blood than in the filtrate

Question 9

A patient showing symptoms of impaired renal function has a battery of tests performed.Results are:
Serum creatinine: 2.0 mg/dL
Urine creatinine: 150 mg/dL
Serum osmolality: 270 mOsm
Urine osmolality: 100 mOsm
24-hour urine volume: 2000 mL
-Based on the information provided,which renal function is abnormal in this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerular filtration 
B)  Tubular reabsorption 
C)  Tubular secretion 
D)  Renal blood flow 
A)  Glomerular filtration 
B)  Tubular reabsorption 
C)  Tubular secretion 
D)  Renal blood flow

Question 10

For accurate evaluation of renal tubular concentrating ability,patient preparation should include:

Accepted Answer

A)  Fasting 
B)  Fluid deprivation 
C)  Increased hydration 
D)  Abstaining from all medications 
A)  Fasting 
B)  Fluid deprivation 
C)  Increased hydration 
D)  Abstaining from all medications

Question 11

Tests to measure the tubular secretion of hydrogen ions include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 
B)  Titratable acidity 
C)  Urinary bicarbonate 
D)  Urinary ammonia 
A)  pH 
B)  Titratable acidity 
C)  Urinary bicarbonate 
D)  Urinary ammonia

Question 12

Most of the sodium filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  Descending loop of Henle 
C)  Distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Collecting duct 
A)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  Descending loop of Henle 
C)  Distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Collecting duct

Question 13

Which of the following tests provides information similar to specific gravity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Total colloid content 
B)  Protein concentration 
C)  Absorbance 
D)  Osmolality 
A)  Total colloid content 
B)  Protein concentration 
C)  Absorbance 
D)  Osmolality

Question 14

To provide an accurate measure of renal blood flow,a test substance should be:

Accepted Answer

A)  Filtered by the glomerulus 
B)  Reabsorbed by the tubules 
C)  Secreted by the distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Cleared on each contact with functional renal tissues 
A)  Filtered by the glomerulus 
B)  Reabsorbed by the tubules 
C)  Secreted by the distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Cleared on each contact with functional renal tissues

Question 15

A physician is treating a patient exhibiting symptoms of impaired renal function following a massive hemorrhage.The physician orders a serum sodium and a PAH clearance test.The patient has a serum PAH of 1.0 mg/dL,urine PAH of 200 mg/dL,and a urine volume of 240 mL in 2 hours.The serum sodium is decreased.
-Using the information provided,based on the tests ordered,what renal function is the physician's primary concern?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glomerular filtration 
B)  Tubular reabsorption 
C)  Tubular secretion 
D)  Renal blood flow 
A)  Glomerular filtration 
B)  Tubular reabsorption 
C)  Tubular secretion 
D)  Renal blood flow

Question 16

Which of the following clearance substances does not require urine collection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Creatinine 
B)  Cystatin C 
C)  Inulin 
D)  5-HIAA 
A)  Creatinine 
B)  Cystatin C 
C)  Inulin 
D)  5-HIAA

Question 17

The serum osmolality of a patient with hyponatremia:

Accepted Answer

A)  Will be similar to the urine osmolality 
B)  Should be greater than 300 mOsm 
C)  Should be lower than 275 mOsm 
D)  Will be falsely increased 
A)  Will be similar to the urine osmolality 
B)  Should be greater than 300 mOsm 
C)  Should be lower than 275 mOsm 
D)  Will be falsely increased

Question 18

A physician is treating a patient exhibiting symptoms of impaired renal function following a massive hemorrhage.The physician orders a serum sodium and a PAH clearance test.The patient has a serum PAH of 1.0 mg/dL,urine PAH of 200 mg/dL,and a urine volume of 240 mL in 2 hours.The serum sodium is decreased.
-Calculate the patient's renal blood flow using the information provided.

Accepted Answer

A)  100 mL/min 
B)  200 mL/min 
C)  300 mL/min 
D)  400 mL/min 
A)  100 mL/min 
B)  200 mL/min 
C)  300 mL/min 
D)  400 mL/min

Question 19

Using the following values,calculate the creatinine clearance: urine volume-1200 mL/12h,urine creatinine-60 mg/dL,and serum creatinine-0.8 mg/dL

Accepted Answer

A)  60 mL/min 
B)  75mL/min 
C)  112 mL/min 
D)  128 mL/min 
A)  60 mL/min 
B)  75mL/min 
C)  112 mL/min 
D)  128 mL/min

Question 20

In the measurement of osmolality,a solute that is dissolved in solvent will:

Accepted Answer

A)  Decrease the boiling point 
B)  Decrease the freezing point 
C)  Raise the vapor pressure 
D)  Raise the dew point 
A)  Decrease the boiling point 
B)  Decrease the freezing point 
C)  Raise the vapor pressure 
D)  Raise the dew point

Concentration of the tubular filtrate by the countercurrent mechanism is dependent on all of the following except:

The normal serum osmolality is:

Production of antidiuretic hormone is controlled by the:

Performing an estimated glomerular filtration rate is helpful for determining:

The approximate number of nephrons contained in each kidney is:

A laboratory supervisor is authorized to purchase a new osmometer.The supervisor must decide between a freezing-point and a vapor-pressure model. -Using the information provided,what substance is used as a reference standard in both models?

Calculate the creatinine clearance for a patient of average size from the following data:?Urine volume: 720 mL for 12 hours?Urine creatinine: 120 mg/dL?Serum creatinine: 1.5 mg/dL

For active transport to occur a substance:

For accurate evaluation of renal tubular concentrating ability,patient preparation should include:

Tests to measure the tubular secretion of hydrogen ions include all of the following except:

Most of the sodium filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed in the:

Which of the following tests provides information similar to specific gravity?

To provide an accurate measure of renal blood flow,a test substance should be:

Which of the following clearance substances does not require urine collection?

The serum osmolality of a patient with hyponatremia:

Using the following values,calculate the creatinine clearance: urine volume-1200 mL/12h,urine creatinine-60 mg/dL,and serum creatinine-0.8 mg/dL

In the measurement of osmolality,a solute that is dissolved in solvent will:

Safety and Quality Assessment

Introduction to Urinalysis

Physical Examination of Urine

Chemical Examination of Urine

Microscopic Examination of Urine

Renal Disease

Urine Screening for Metabolic Disorders

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Semen

Synovial Fluid

Serous Fluid

Amniotic Fluid

Fecal Analysis

Vaginal Secretions

Filters

Exam 3: Renal Function

Concentration of the tubular filtrate by the countercurrent mechanism is dependent on all of the following except:

The normal serum osmolality is:

Production of antidiuretic hormone is controlled by the:

Performing an estimated glomerular filtration rate is helpful for determining:

The approximate number of nephrons contained in each kidney is:

A laboratory supervisor is authorized to purchase a new osmometer.The supervisor must decide between a freezing-point and a vapor-pressure model. -Using the information provided,what substance is used as a reference standard in both models?

Calculate the creatinine clearance for a patient of average size from the following data:?Urine volume: 720 mL for 12 hours?Urine creatinine: 120 mg/dL?Serum creatinine: 1.5 mg/dL

For active transport to occur a substance:

For accurate evaluation of renal tubular concentrating ability,patient preparation should include:

Tests to measure the tubular secretion of hydrogen ions include all of the following except:

Most of the sodium filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed in the:

Which of the following tests provides information similar to specific gravity?

To provide an accurate measure of renal blood flow,a test substance should be:

Which of the following clearance substances does not require urine collection?

The serum osmolality of a patient with hyponatremia:

Using the following values,calculate the creatinine clearance: urine volume-1200 mL/12h,urine creatinine-60 mg/dL,and serum creatinine-0.8 mg/dL

In the measurement of osmolality,a solute that is dissolved in solvent will:

Safety and Quality Assessment

Introduction to Urinalysis

Physical Examination of Urine

Chemical Examination of Urine

Microscopic Examination of Urine

Renal Disease

Urine Screening for Metabolic Disorders

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Semen

Synovial Fluid

Serous Fluid

Amniotic Fluid

Fecal Analysis

Vaginal Secretions

Filters