Question 1

Results for glomerular filtration tests are reported in:

Accepted Answer

A)  Milliliters per minute 
B)  Milliliters per 24 hours 
C)  Milligrams per deciliter 
D)  Milliequivalents per liter 
A)  Milliliters per minute 
B)  Milliliters per 24 hours 
C)  Milligrams per deciliter 
D)  Milliequivalents per liter

Question 2

The most routinely used laboratory method for measuring the glomerular filtration rate is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Inulin clearance 
B)  Estimated glomerular filtration rate 
C)  Creatinine clearance 
D)  Beta2 microglobulin clearance 
A)  Inulin clearance 
B)  Estimated glomerular filtration rate 
C)  Creatinine clearance 
D)  Beta2 microglobulin clearance

Question 3

The nephrons with the longest loops of Henle are the cortical nephrons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Kidneys with impaired production of ammonia will consistently produce urine with a:

Accepted Answer

A)  High pH 
B)  High volume 
C)  Low pH 
D)  Low volume 
A)  High pH 
B)  High volume 
C)  Low pH 
D)  Low volume

Question 5

Following administration of oral ammonium chloride,a patient with renal tubular acidosis will produce:

Accepted Answer

A)  Highly concentrated urine 
B)  Urine with a low pH 
C)  Urine with a high pH 
D)  Very dilute urine 
A)  Highly concentrated urine 
B)  Urine with a low pH 
C)  Urine with a high pH 
D)  Very dilute urine

Question 6

The results of a serum osmolality performed by both freezing-point and vapor-pressure osmometry do not agree.A possible cause of this discrepancy would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased ethanol 
B)  Increased lipids 
C)  Decreased lactic acid 
D)  Decreased potassium 
A)  Increased ethanol 
B)  Increased lipids 
C)  Decreased lactic acid 
D)  Decreased potassium

Question 7

Given the following information,calculate the osmolar clearance: urine volume-720 mL in 24 hours,urine osmolality-700 mOsm,and plasma osmolality-300 mOsm

Accepted Answer

A)  1.0 mL/min 
B)  1.2 mL/min 
C)  1.8 mL/min 
D)  2.0 mL/min 
A)  1.0 mL/min 
B)  1.2 mL/min 
C)  1.8 mL/min 
D)  2.0 mL/min

Question 8

If a substance is completely filtered by the glomerulus and then completely reabsorbed by the tubules,the clearance of that substance will be:

Accepted Answer

A)  Falsely decreased 
B)  Falsely increased 
C)  Normal 
D)  Zero 
A)  Falsely decreased 
B)  Falsely increased 
C)  Normal 
D)  Zero

Question 9

A PAH test result showing a renal plasma flow of 400 mL/min:

Accepted Answer

A)  Is a normal result 
B)  May be falsely decreased from impaired tubular secretion 
C)  Should be corrected to correspond to the patient's body size 
D)  Indicates glomerular filtration of PAH 
A)  Is a normal result 
B)  May be falsely decreased from impaired tubular secretion 
C)  Should be corrected to correspond to the patient's body size 
D)  Indicates glomerular filtration of PAH

Question 10

A decrease in plasma sodium produces an increase in blood volume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The osmotic gradient of the medulla:

Accepted Answer

A)  Controls the permeability of the walls of the collecting duct 
B)  Affects passive reabsorption of water in the descending loop of Henle 
C)  Stimulates sodium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  Controls ammonia production by the distal convoluted tubule 
A)  Controls the permeability of the walls of the collecting duct 
B)  Affects passive reabsorption of water in the descending loop of Henle 
C)  Stimulates sodium reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  Controls ammonia production by the distal convoluted tubule

Question 12

Clinical osmometers use NaCl as a reference solution because:

Accepted Answer

A)  1 g molecular weight of NaCl will lower the freezing point 1.86℃ 
B)  NaCl is readily frozen and vaporized 
C)  NaCl is partially ionized similar to the composition of urine 
D)  1 g equivalent weight of NaCl will lower the freezing point 1.86℃ 
A)  1 g molecular weight of NaCl will lower the freezing point 1.86℃ 
B)  NaCl is readily frozen and vaporized 
C)  NaCl is partially ionized similar to the composition of urine 
D)  1 g equivalent weight of NaCl will lower the freezing point 1.86℃

Question 13

The order of blood flow through the nephron is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, efferent arteriole 
B)  Efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, afferent arteriole 
C)  Peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole 
D)  Afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta 
A)  Afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, efferent arteriole 
B)  Efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, afferent arteriole 
C)  Peritubular capillaries, vasa recta, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole 
D)  Afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, vasa recta

Question 14

A laboratory supervisor is authorized to purchase a new osmometer.The supervisor must decide between a freezing-point and a vapor-pressure model.
-Using the information provided,which model is affected by lipemic serum but not elevated ethanol levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freezing-point 
B)  Vapor-pressure 
A)  Freezing-point 
B)  Vapor-pressure

Question 15

A laboratory supervisor is authorized to purchase a new osmometer.The supervisor must decide between a freezing-point and a vapor-pressure model.
-Based on the information provided,if this is a pediatric hospital,which model is better?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freezing-point 
B)  Vapor-pressure 
A)  Freezing-point 
B)  Vapor-pressure

Question 16

A patient showing symptoms of impaired renal function has a battery of tests performed.Results are:
Serum creatinine: 2.0 mg/dL
Urine creatinine: 150 mg/dL
Serum osmolality: 270 mOsm
Urine osmolality: 100 mOsm
24-hour urine volume: 2000 mL
-Based on the information provided,would increasing the patient's intake of fluids alleviate this problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes 
B)  No 
A)  Yes 
B)  No

Question 17

The total renal blood flow is approximately:

Accepted Answer

A)  40 mL/min 
B)  120 mL/min 
C)  600 mL/min 
D)  1200 mL/min 
A)  40 mL/min 
B)  120 mL/min 
C)  600 mL/min 
D)  1200 mL/min

Question 18

To calculate a creatinine clearance using the MDSD formula,the patient must collect at least a 2-hour urine specimen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

To enhance the excretion of hydrogen ions,ammonia is produced by the cells of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  Loop of Henle 
C)  Distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Collecting duct 
A)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  Loop of Henle 
C)  Distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Collecting duct

Question 20

The glomerular filtrate is described as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma filtrate containing glucose and protein 
B)  Protein-free ultrafiltrate of plasma 
C)  Selective filtrate of plasma containing urea 
D)  Plasma filtrate without glucose and protein 
A)  Plasma filtrate containing glucose and protein 
B)  Protein-free ultrafiltrate of plasma 
C)  Selective filtrate of plasma containing urea 
D)  Plasma filtrate without glucose and protein

Results for glomerular filtration tests are reported in:

The most routinely used laboratory method for measuring the glomerular filtration rate is the:

The nephrons with the longest loops of Henle are the cortical nephrons.

Kidneys with impaired production of ammonia will consistently produce urine with a:

Following administration of oral ammonium chloride,a patient with renal tubular acidosis will produce:

The results of a serum osmolality performed by both freezing-point and vapor-pressure osmometry do not agree.A possible cause of this discrepancy would be:

Given the following information,calculate the osmolar clearance: urine volume-720 mL in 24 hours,urine osmolality-700 mOsm,and plasma osmolality-300 mOsm

If a substance is completely filtered by the glomerulus and then completely reabsorbed by the tubules,the clearance of that substance will be:

A PAH test result showing a renal plasma flow of 400 mL/min:

A decrease in plasma sodium produces an increase in blood volume.

The osmotic gradient of the medulla:

Clinical osmometers use NaCl as a reference solution because:

The order of blood flow through the nephron is:

A laboratory supervisor is authorized to purchase a new osmometer.The supervisor must decide between a freezing-point and a vapor-pressure model. -Using the information provided,which model is affected by lipemic serum but not elevated ethanol levels?

A laboratory supervisor is authorized to purchase a new osmometer.The supervisor must decide between a freezing-point and a vapor-pressure model. -Based on the information provided,if this is a pediatric hospital,which model is better?

The total renal blood flow is approximately:

To calculate a creatinine clearance using the MDSD formula,the patient must collect at least a 2-hour urine specimen.

To enhance the excretion of hydrogen ions,ammonia is produced by the cells of the:

The glomerular filtrate is described as a:

Safety and Quality Assessment

Introduction to Urinalysis

Physical Examination of Urine

Chemical Examination of Urine

Microscopic Examination of Urine

Renal Disease

Urine Screening for Metabolic Disorders

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Semen

Synovial Fluid

Serous Fluid

Amniotic Fluid

Fecal Analysis

Vaginal Secretions

Filters

Exam 3: Renal Function

Results for glomerular filtration tests are reported in:

The most routinely used laboratory method for measuring the glomerular filtration rate is the:

The nephrons with the longest loops of Henle are the cortical nephrons.

Kidneys with impaired production of ammonia will consistently produce urine with a:

Following administration of oral ammonium chloride,a patient with renal tubular acidosis will produce:

The results of a serum osmolality performed by both freezing-point and vapor-pressure osmometry do not agree.A possible cause of this discrepancy would be:

Given the following information,calculate the osmolar clearance: urine volume-720 mL in 24 hours,urine osmolality-700 mOsm,and plasma osmolality-300 mOsm

If a substance is completely filtered by the glomerulus and then completely reabsorbed by the tubules,the clearance of that substance will be:

A PAH test result showing a renal plasma flow of 400 mL/min:

A decrease in plasma sodium produces an increase in blood volume.

The osmotic gradient of the medulla:

Clinical osmometers use NaCl as a reference solution because:

The order of blood flow through the nephron is:

A laboratory supervisor is authorized to purchase a new osmometer.The supervisor must decide between a freezing-point and a vapor-pressure model. -Using the information provided,which model is affected by lipemic serum but not elevated ethanol levels?

A laboratory supervisor is authorized to purchase a new osmometer.The supervisor must decide between a freezing-point and a vapor-pressure model. -Based on the information provided,if this is a pediatric hospital,which model is better?

The total renal blood flow is approximately:

To calculate a creatinine clearance using the MDSD formula,the patient must collect at least a 2-hour urine specimen.

To enhance the excretion of hydrogen ions,ammonia is produced by the cells of the:

The glomerular filtrate is described as a:

Safety and Quality Assessment

Introduction to Urinalysis

Physical Examination of Urine

Chemical Examination of Urine

Microscopic Examination of Urine

Renal Disease

Urine Screening for Metabolic Disorders

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Semen

Synovial Fluid

Serous Fluid

Amniotic Fluid

Fecal Analysis

Vaginal Secretions

Filters