Question 1

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding free radicals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Free radicals are formed as a by-product of healthy metabolism. 
B)  Our body has no mechanism to combat free radicals. 
C)  Exposure to pollution increases free radical production. 
D)  Many diseases, such as cancer and heart disease, are linked to free radical damage. 
A)  Free radicals are formed as a by-product of healthy metabolism. 
B)  Our body has no mechanism to combat free radicals. 
C)  Exposure to pollution increases free radical production. 
D)  Many diseases, such as cancer and heart disease, are linked to free radical damage.

Question 2

In some people, long-term use of standard vitamin E supplements has been associated with hemorrhagic stroke caused by bleeding in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Why is it critical to catch vitamin A deficiency in its early stages? How can it be treated?

Accepted Answer

It is critical to catch vitamin A defici

Question 4

The smallest physical units of a substance are

Accepted Answer

A)  molecules. 
B)  atoms. 
C)  free radicals. 
D)  elements. 
A)  molecules. 
B)  atoms. 
C)  free radicals. 
D)  elements.

Question 5

Results of the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) indicated a higher incidence of lung cancer among those who took beta-carotene and retinol supplements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is a compound that is needed to activate an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  a cofactor 
B)  a free radical 
C)  an electrolyte 
D)  an antioxidant 
A)  a cofactor 
B)  a free radical 
C)  an electrolyte 
D)  an antioxidant

Question 7

Research in the area of antioxidant supplementation has produced conflicting data. Discuss the limitations of investigating the effects of antioxidants on human health.

Accepted Answer

Antioxidant supplements appear to work i

Question 8

How was it that British sailors earned the nickname "limey"?

Accepted Answer

Sailors on long voyages often ate their

Question 9

Explain the relationships between the antioxidant vitamins.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C regenerates vitamin E after it

Question 10

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the mineral selenium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most selenium in our bodies is contained within two amino acid derivatives. 
B)  Selenium is involved in the maintenance of basal metabolism and body temperature. 
C)  Selenium is present only in foods of animal origin. 
D)  Selenium is a component of the glutathione peroxidase antioxidant enzyme system. 
A)  Most selenium in our bodies is contained within two amino acid derivatives. 
B)  Selenium is involved in the maintenance of basal metabolism and body temperature. 
C)  Selenium is present only in foods of animal origin. 
D)  Selenium is a component of the glutathione peroxidase antioxidant enzyme system.

Question 11

Cooking foods high in carotenoids improves their bioavailability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Scurvy is the deficiency disease associated with inadequate vitamin C intake.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

MOST of the body's vitamin A is stored in the

Accepted Answer

A)  liver. 
B)  pancreas. 
C)  spleen. 
D)  large intestine. 
A)  liver. 
B)  pancreas. 
C)  spleen. 
D)  large intestine.

Question 14

How does vitamin C indirectly act to protect our cell membranes and other tissues?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant in the

Question 15

Beta-carotene is a precursor of

Accepted Answer

A)  retinol. 
B)  alpha-tocopherol. 
C)  zeaxanthin. 
D)  ascorbic acid. 
A)  retinol. 
B)  alpha-tocopherol. 
C)  zeaxanthin. 
D)  ascorbic acid.

Question 16

Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from

Accepted Answer

A)  scurvy. 
B)  diabetes mellitus. 
C)  hemochromatosis. 
D)  Keshan disease. 
A)  scurvy. 
B)  diabetes mellitus. 
C)  hemochromatosis. 
D)  Keshan disease.

Question 17

What kind of reaction results in an atom gaining electrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation reaction 
B)  reduction reaction 
C)  promotion reaction 
D)  radical reaction 
A)  oxidation reaction 
B)  reduction reaction 
C)  promotion reaction 
D)  radical reaction

Question 18

Examples of antioxidant enzyme systems include superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin E 
B)  catalase 
C)  beta carotene 
D)  vitamin C 
A)  vitamin E 
B)  catalase 
C)  beta carotene 
D)  vitamin C

Question 19

Carbon and hydrogen are two examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  atoms. 
B)  antioxidants. 
C)  electrons. 
D)  nuclei. 
A)  atoms. 
B)  antioxidants. 
C)  electrons. 
D)  nuclei.

Question 20

Describe opposing views on the need to take vitamin and mineral supplements.

Accepted Answer

The research literature reveals two oppo

Exam 8: Nutrients Involved in Antioxidant Function

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding free radicals?

In some people, long-term use of standard vitamin E supplements has been associated with hemorrhagic stroke caused by bleeding in the brain.

Why is it critical to catch vitamin A deficiency in its early stages? How can it be treated?

The smallest physical units of a substance are

Results of the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) indicated a higher incidence of lung cancer among those who took beta-carotene and retinol supplements.

Which of the following is a compound that is needed to activate an enzyme?

Research in the area of antioxidant supplementation has produced conflicting data. Discuss the limitations of investigating the effects of antioxidants on human health.

How was it that British sailors earned the nickname "limey"?

Explain the relationships between the antioxidant vitamins.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the mineral selenium?

Cooking foods high in carotenoids improves their bioavailability.

Scurvy is the deficiency disease associated with inadequate vitamin C intake.

MOST of the body's vitamin A is stored in the

How does vitamin C indirectly act to protect our cell membranes and other tissues?

Beta-carotene is a precursor of

Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from

What kind of reaction results in an atom gaining electrons?

Examples of antioxidant enzyme systems include superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and which of the following?

Carbon and hydrogen are two examples of

Describe opposing views on the need to take vitamin and mineral supplements.

The Role of Nutrition in Our Health

Designing a Healthful Diet

The Human Body: Are We Really What We Eat

Carbohydrates: Plant-Derived Energy Nutrients

Fats: Essential Energy-Supplying Nutrients

Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body Tissues

Nutrients Involved in Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Nutrients Involved in Bone Health

Nutrients Involved in Energy Metabolism and Blood Health

Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight

Nutrition and Physical Activity: Keys to Good Health

Food Safety and Technology: Impact on Consumers

Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: Pregnancy and the First Year of Life

Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: Childhood to Late Adulthood

alcohol

cancer

cardiovascular Disease

diabetes

dietary Supplements: Necessity or Waste

disordered Eating

disorders Related to Specific Foods

the Fetal Environment: a Lasting Impression

fluid Imbalance

global Nutrition

obesity

osteoporosis

phytochemicals

searching for the Fountain of Youth

vitamins and Minerals: Micronutrients With Macro Powers

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