Exam 23: the Fetal Environment: a Lasting Impression

According to certain studies, exposure of a fetus to famine in the first trimester of pregnancy can result in high risk for the development of what disease in adulthood?

Poor maternal intake of calcium increases the risk of what disease in the adult offspring?

Which of the following is FALSE concerning research conducted on subjects born during weather- and war-related famines in Africa?

Research has shown that infants born to women who are obese or overweight are more likely to have abnormalities of their arms and/or legs.

Research suggests that there are lifelong consequences to any type of nutrient imbalance during pregnancy.

The negative impact of fetal exposure to malnutrition is worsened if followed by low nutrient intakes shortly after birth.

Some of the earliest research on the fetal origins theory took place in

Smoking during pregnancy is dangerous to the fetus only during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Studies have shown that the higher the body mass index is in childhood the greater the risk of developing insulin resistance in adulthood.

Infants born to mothers who are overweight or obese have a higher risk of

Which of the following birth defects has NOT been linked to maternal obesity?

The fetal adaptation theory indicates that a fetus exposed to starvation or malnutrition goes into a survival mode. Which of the following is NOT a fetal physiological response in this situation?

Children born to mothers who have type 2 diabetes are up to ________ times more likely to develop prediabetes or type 2 diabetes as adults.

An increased susceptibility to or risk of a particular condition occurring virtually guarantees that the condition will be present in an infant.

The process by which a fetus's metabolism, hormone production, and other physiological processes shift in response to inadequate energy intake during pregnancy is called the

Which of the following is NOT a risk in the offspring of women who smoke during pregnancy?

The offspring of mothers who experienced low pregnancy weight gain have an increased risk of obesity in adulthood.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the consequences of the following maternal nutrient deficiencies during pregnancy?

Research has shown that there is no association between fetal exposure to famine and future risk of chronic disease.

Fetal adaptation results in the body's production of various hormones shifting in favour of those that promote energy storage.