Question 1

The animal form of vitamin K produced by bacteria in the large intestine is

Accepted Answer

A)  phylloquinone. 
B)  menaquinone. 
C)  prothrombin. 
D)  osteocalcin. 
A)  phylloquinone. 
B)  menaquinone. 
C)  prothrombin. 
D)  osteocalcin.

Question 2

Describe the function of calcium in the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Calcium is necessary for the transmissio

Question 3

What is the difference between osteomalacia and osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Osteomalacia, or "soft bones" should not

Question 4

When does bone growth and modeling start?

Accepted Answer

A)  during fetal development 
B)  at birth 
C)  during infancy 
D)  during childhood 
A)  during fetal development 
B)  at birth 
C)  during infancy 
D)  during childhood

Question 5

Describe the composition of bone and how bone supports daily activities.

Accepted Answer

About 65% of bone tissue is made up of a

Question 6

Which of the following practices would NOT decrease the risk of developing a vitamin D deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Put on sunscreen only after the skin has had its daily dose of sunlight. 
B)  Expose the skin when the sun is high in the sky (between 9:00 AM and 3:00 PM). 
C)  Consume a diet that provides at least 200 IU of vitamin D per day. 
D)  Consume at least four glasses of fluoridated water each day. 
A)  Put on sunscreen only after the skin has had its daily dose of sunlight. 
B)  Expose the skin when the sun is high in the sky (between 9:00 AM and 3:00 PM). 
C)  Consume a diet that provides at least 200 IU of vitamin D per day. 
D)  Consume at least four glasses of fluoridated water each day.

Question 7

What is the best kind of calcium supplement to take, and how should it be taken?

Accepted Answer

Most supplements come in the form of cal

Question 8

Which of the following is a poor source of dietary magnesium?

Accepted Answer

A)  green leafy vegetables 
B)  refined grain products 
C)  seafood 
D)  seeds and nuts 
A)  green leafy vegetables 
B)  refined grain products 
C)  seafood 
D)  seeds and nuts

Question 9

Describe the process by which the body converts sunlight to active vitamin D in the body. Discuss the hormones and organs involved in this process.

Accepted Answer

Our bodies can synthesize vitamin D by u

Question 10

The family of vitamin K compounds is referred to as quinones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Phosphorous deficiencies are common among adolescents and young adults.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A person suffering from osteomalacia is prone to

Accepted Answer

A)  bone fractures. 
B)  diseased gums. 
C)  high blood pressure. 
D)  bowed legs. 
A)  bone fractures. 
B)  diseased gums. 
C)  high blood pressure. 
D)  bowed legs.

Question 13

Formed in our bones, hydroxyapatite crystals are mineral complexes comprised of calcium and

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium. 
B)  chloride. 
C)  phosphorus. 
D)  vitamin K. 
A)  sodium. 
B)  chloride. 
C)  phosphorus. 
D)  vitamin K.

Question 14

Which of the following techniques can assess the risk of fracture?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood calcium assessment 
B)  dual energy x-ray absorptiometry 
C)  underwater weighing 
D)  bioelectrical impedance testing 
A)  blood calcium assessment 
B)  dual energy x-ray absorptiometry 
C)  underwater weighing 
D)  bioelectrical impedance testing

Question 15

Marie is 55 years old and just had her first DXA assessment. The results indicated that she has a T-score of -1.5 (minus 1.5). What does her T-score indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, her bone density is normal. 
B)  Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, she has low bone mass. 
C)  Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, she has osteoporosis. 
D)  Nothing. DXA is not able to determine bone density in women over 50. 
A)  Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, her bone density is normal. 
B)  Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, she has low bone mass. 
C)  Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, she has osteoporosis. 
D)  Nothing. DXA is not able to determine bone density in women over 50.

Question 16

At the proposed cut-off value for determining adequacy of vitamin D levels in the body, only ________ of Canadians would have optimal levels.

Accepted Answer

A)  one-eighth 
B)  one-quarter 
C)  one-third 
D)  one-half 
A)  one-eighth 
B)  one-quarter 
C)  one-third 
D)  one-half

Question 17

Females reach their full adult height earlier than males do.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Newborn infants receive a single injection of vitamin K at birth because

Accepted Answer

A)  newborns do not have enough bacteria in their small intestine to make vitamin K. 
B)  breast milk is a poor source of vitamin K. 
C)  the trauma of labor and delivery depletes the newborn's vitamin K stores. 
D)  newborns cannot absorb any of the vitamin K from breast milk or formula. 
A)  newborns do not have enough bacteria in their small intestine to make vitamin K. 
B)  breast milk is a poor source of vitamin K. 
C)  the trauma of labor and delivery depletes the newborn's vitamin K stores. 
D)  newborns cannot absorb any of the vitamin K from breast milk or formula.

Question 19

When blood calcium levels fall, which of the following does NOT occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  PTH is produced and activates vitamin D. 
B)  Vitamin D stimulates the kidney to reabsorb calcium from the blood. 
C)  PTH and vitamin D stimulate osteoblasts to break down bone. 
D)  Vitamin D increases the absorption of calcium from the intestines. 
A)  PTH is produced and activates vitamin D. 
B)  Vitamin D stimulates the kidney to reabsorb calcium from the blood. 
C)  PTH and vitamin D stimulate osteoblasts to break down bone. 
D)  Vitamin D increases the absorption of calcium from the intestines.

Question 20

Which of the following plant sources of calcium has the lowest bioavailability?

Accepted Answer

A)  kale 
B)  spinach 
C)  broccoli 
D)  turnip greens 
A)  kale 
B)  spinach 
C)  broccoli 
D)  turnip greens

Exam 9: Nutrients Involved in Bone Health

The animal form of vitamin K produced by bacteria in the large intestine is

Describe the function of calcium in the nervous system.

What is the difference between osteomalacia and osteoporosis?

When does bone growth and modeling start?

Describe the composition of bone and how bone supports daily activities.

Which of the following practices would NOT decrease the risk of developing a vitamin D deficiency?

What is the best kind of calcium supplement to take, and how should it be taken?

Which of the following is a poor source of dietary magnesium?

Describe the process by which the body converts sunlight to active vitamin D in the body. Discuss the hormones and organs involved in this process.

The family of vitamin K compounds is referred to as quinones.

Phosphorous deficiencies are common among adolescents and young adults.

A person suffering from osteomalacia is prone to

Formed in our bones, hydroxyapatite crystals are mineral complexes comprised of calcium and

Which of the following techniques can assess the risk of fracture?

Marie is 55 years old and just had her first DXA assessment. The results indicated that she has a T-score of -1.5 (minus 1.5). What does her T-score indicate?

At the proposed cut-off value for determining adequacy of vitamin D levels in the body, only ________ of Canadians would have optimal levels.

Females reach their full adult height earlier than males do.

Newborn infants receive a single injection of vitamin K at birth because

When blood calcium levels fall, which of the following does NOT occur?

Which of the following plant sources of calcium has the lowest bioavailability?

The Role of Nutrition in Our Health

Designing a Healthful Diet

The Human Body: Are We Really What We Eat

Carbohydrates: Plant-Derived Energy Nutrients

Fats: Essential Energy-Supplying Nutrients

Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body Tissues

Nutrients Involved in Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Nutrients Involved in Antioxidant Function

Nutrients Involved in Energy Metabolism and Blood Health

Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight

Nutrition and Physical Activity: Keys to Good Health

Food Safety and Technology: Impact on Consumers

Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: Pregnancy and the First Year of Life

Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: Childhood to Late Adulthood

alcohol

cancer

cardiovascular Disease

diabetes

dietary Supplements: Necessity or Waste

disordered Eating

disorders Related to Specific Foods

the Fetal Environment: a Lasting Impression

fluid Imbalance

global Nutrition

obesity

osteoporosis

phytochemicals

searching for the Fountain of Youth

vitamins and Minerals: Micronutrients With Macro Powers

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