Chat with AIExam 5: Anxiety and Related Disorders
DSM-5 divides Anxiety and Anxiety-Related Disorders into: anxiety disorders,obsessive- and compulsive-related disorders,and trauma- and stressor-related disorders.Defend this change by explaining how these groupings appear to have different general etiologies.
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VerifiedThe anxiety disorders under this system include panic,phobias and social anxiety disorder.These have a non-specific genetic vulnerability (i.e.,a relative with one such disorder increases one's risk for any of the others in the category).Also,there is high comorbidity and shifting from one diagnosis to another over time.Also,there is overlap in that behavioral and cognitive factors play an important role in formulation and treatment of each of these.
The obsessive-compulsive-related disorders stand alone on the basis of the unique symptoms,and evidence for unique genetic and brain correlates which suggest a standalone category of mental disorder.Unusual symptoms which are specific to OCD include magical thinking,including thought-action fusion,where having the thought of harming someone is viewed as increasing the likelihood of that thought coming true and that having a thought of harming someone is the moral equivalent of actually doing the action.Brain correlates specific to OCD include structural / functioning differences in the basal ganglia and frontal cortex.
The trauma- and stressor-related disorders stand alone in the DSM due to the accumulating evidence that PTSD has unique associated features with apparently unique etiological pathway.First,and obviously,PTSD involves onset that follows exposure to a significant stressor(s).It also has unique physiological correlates,including decreased cortisol with enhanced negative feedback of adrenal function; and decreased hippocampal volume.
Many of the etiological models of GAD are primarilyin nature.
(83) VerifiedE
In the new DSM-5 anxiety and anxiety-related disorders have which three categories?
(81) VerifiedB
The amygdala can effectively process external (i.e.,fear-provoking)stimuli and determine its survival relevance without the influence of higher brain functioning.
(79) ----------------was the first psychological treatment to be thoroughly validated for anxiety and anxiety-related disorders.
(87) Family studies indicate that up to 50% of those suffering from anxiety and anxiety- related disorders have an immediate family member who also suffers from one as well.
(81) Anxiety and anxiety-related related disorders are the third most common mental disorder,second only to mood disorders and eating disorders.
(83) Which of the following is NOT one of the four clusters of symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder?
(89) According to the two-factor theory of phobias,avoidance or escape serves as a-----------which prevents classically conditioned fears from being unlearned.
(93) From a cognitive perspective,panic disorder involves catastrophic misinterpretations of bodily sensations.
(89) What is the two-factor theory? Give an example of how a fear could be acquired and maintained in the context of this theory.
(69) To qualify for a diagnosis of PTSD the individual must display symptoms for longer thanfollowing a traumatic event.
(96) With regard to neurotransmitters involved in fear / anxiety
(75) Individuals who are susceptible to anxiety and anxiety-related disorders do not appear to have atypical beliefs about the self,but have been found to have a number of distorted beliefs about specific threats in the environment.
(77) Mowrer's two-factor theory satisfactorily explains why some stimuli (such as spiders)are more likely to become feared rather than others.
(62) Obsessions are repetitive behaviors performed in response to repetitive,intrusive thoughts.
(77) The rationale underlying systematic desensitization is that
(83) According to DSM-5,a(n)-------------is defined as a discrete period of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by at least 4 of the 13 somatic,behavioural and cognitive symptoms listed (such as palpitations and fear of dying).
(94) What two reasons does the Cognitive-Behavioral model advance to explain why compulsions tend to persist and to be excessive? Provide an example consistent with these two reasons.
(77) Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with generalized anxiety disorder?
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