Question 1

Evaluate the following statement. "Tectonic processes help metamorphism by burying rocks."

Accepted Answer

A)  This statement is false. Tectonic processes lift rocks up to the surface, where they are worn away by weathering. 
B)  This statement is true. Tectonic processes cause lava flows to bury large slabs of rock. 
C)  This statement is false. Metamorphism only occurs under very thick layers of deposited sediment. 
D)  This statement is true. Tectonic processes can push rocks deeper into Earth. 
A)  This statement is false. Tectonic processes lift rocks up to the surface, where they are worn away by weathering. 
B)  This statement is true. Tectonic processes cause lava flows to bury large slabs of rock. 
C)  This statement is false. Metamorphism only occurs under very thick layers of deposited sediment. 
D)  This statement is true. Tectonic processes can push rocks deeper into Earth.

Question 2

If a rock containing kyanite, sillimanite, and andalusite were to undergo an increase in pressure, what must happen to temperature in order for that rock to continue to have stable kyanite, sillimanite, and andalusite?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature must increase 
B)  temperature must decrease 
C)  temperature must stay the same 
D)  It is impossible for it to continue to have stable kyanite, sillimanite, and andalusite. 
A)  temperature must increase 
B)  temperature must decrease 
C)  temperature must stay the same 
D)  It is impossible for it to continue to have stable kyanite, sillimanite, and andalusite.

Question 3

What is one way that polymorph minerals, such as aluminum-silicates, change from one form to another?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temperature and pressure conditions change with depth, causing metamorphosis. 
B)  They break up and change form during resedimentation. 
C)  Other minerals join the polymorphs during contact with igneous intrusions. 
D)  Fluid metamorphosis allows other elements to fit between the main mineral bonds. 
A)  Temperature and pressure conditions change with depth, causing metamorphosis. 
B)  They break up and change form during resedimentation. 
C)  Other minerals join the polymorphs during contact with igneous intrusions. 
D)  Fluid metamorphosis allows other elements to fit between the main mineral bonds.

Question 4

How are the conditions of metamorphism determined? Why aren't minerals such as quartz and feldspar helpful in determining the conditions?

Accepted Answer

Index minerals reveal metamorphic temper

Question 5

When a shale metamorphoses into a slate why do some slates contain muscovite and some slates contain chlorite?

Accepted Answer

A)  The chlorite slates form at different pressures than the muscovite slates. 
B)  The chlorite slates have a different composition than the muscovite slates. 
C)  The chlorite slates form at different temperatures than the muscovite slates. 
D)  The chlorite slates form at different temperatures and pressures than the muscovite slates. 
A)  The chlorite slates form at different pressures than the muscovite slates. 
B)  The chlorite slates have a different composition than the muscovite slates. 
C)  The chlorite slates form at different temperatures than the muscovite slates. 
D)  The chlorite slates form at different temperatures and pressures than the muscovite slates.

Question 6

What apparent difference is there between a gneiss that is formed from igneous rock and one formed from sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  crystal size 
B)  mineral content 
C)  age 
D)  color 
A)  crystal size 
B)  mineral content 
C)  age 
D)  color

Question 7

What does the prefix meta, such as in metaconglomerate, mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  formed near to 
B)  changed 
C)  formed by process of 
D)  made of 
A)  formed near to 
B)  changed 
C)  formed by process of 
D)  made of

Question 8

What is the role of pressure in metamorphism?

Accepted Answer

Pressure increases as depth increases in

Question 9

What aluminosilicate polymorph is stable at a pressure of 1 kilobar and a temperature of 700 degrees C?

Accepted Answer

A)  andalusite and kyanite 
B)  sillimanite and kyanite 
C)  andalusite and sillimanite 
D)  andalusite, sillimanite and kyanite 
A)  andalusite and kyanite 
B)  sillimanite and kyanite 
C)  andalusite and sillimanite 
D)  andalusite, sillimanite and kyanite

Question 10

What aluminosilicate polymorph is stable at a pressure of 4 kilobars and a temperature of 400 degrees C?

Accepted Answer

A)  kyanite 
B)  andalusite 
C)  sillimanite 
D)  kyanite and andalusite stable 
A)  kyanite 
B)  andalusite 
C)  sillimanite 
D)  kyanite and andalusite stable

Question 11

Choose the option that puts the minerals in order of formation from low-grade metamorphism to high-grade metamorphism.

Accepted Answer

A)  garnet, feldspar, muscovite 
B)  chlorite, garnet, biotite 
C)  biotite, muscovite, staurolite 
D)  chlorite, feldspar, staurolite 
A)  garnet, feldspar, muscovite 
B)  chlorite, garnet, biotite 
C)  biotite, muscovite, staurolite 
D)  chlorite, feldspar, staurolite

Question 12

A fine-grained, greasy metamorphic rock composed of serpentine is classified as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  greenstone. 
B)  amphibolite. 
C)  marble. 
D)  serpentinite. 
A)  greenstone. 
B)  amphibolite. 
C)  marble. 
D)  serpentinite.

Question 13

A shale metamorphosed to high metamorphic grade would become a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  slate. 
B)  amphibolite. 
C)  schist. 
D)  gneiss. 
A)  slate. 
B)  amphibolite. 
C)  schist. 
D)  gneiss.

Question 14

If a rock containing kyanite and sillimanite were to undergo an increase in pressure, what must happen to temperature in order for that rock to continue to have stable kyanite and sillimanite?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature must increase 
B)  temperature must decrease 
C)  temperature must stay the same 
D)  It is impossible for it to continue to have stable kyanite and sillimanite. 
A)  temperature must increase 
B)  temperature must decrease 
C)  temperature must stay the same 
D)  It is impossible for it to continue to have stable kyanite and sillimanite.

Question 15

What grade of metamorphism occurs at a depth of 5 km and a temperature of 1100 degrees C?

Accepted Answer

A)  magma 
B)  medium-grade metamorphism 
C)  high-grade metamorphism 
D)  low-grade metamorphism 
A)  magma 
B)  medium-grade metamorphism 
C)  high-grade metamorphism 
D)  low-grade metamorphism

Question 16

Figure 6.2  
-According to Figure 6.2 in your textbook, when metamorphism occurs, the range of temperatures and pressures encompasses all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  the boiling temperature of water. 
B)  conditions for lithification of sedimentary rocks. 
C)  conditions for melting water-rich rocks. 
D)  conditions for melting dry rocks. 
A)  the boiling temperature of water. 
B)  conditions for lithification of sedimentary rocks. 
C)  conditions for melting water-rich rocks. 
D)  conditions for melting dry rocks.

Question 17

How can geologists tell what the rock was before it was metamorphosed?

Accepted Answer

The composition of the parent rock is in

Question 18

What type of reaction is this? KAl3Si3O10(OH)2 + SiO2 --> Al2SiO5 + KAlSi3O8 + H2O

Accepted Answer

A)  degassing 
B)  dehydration 
C)  decomposition 
D)  decay 
A)  degassing 
B)  dehydration 
C)  decomposition 
D)  decay

Question 19

A very hard, non-foliated metamorphic rock composed microscopically small crystals is classified as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  amphibolite. 
B)  greenstone. 
C)  slate. 
D)  hornfels. 
A)  amphibolite. 
B)  greenstone. 
C)  slate. 
D)  hornfels.

Question 20

What causes the breakdown of dolomite?

Accepted Answer

A)  volcanic eruptions 
B)  plate tectonics 
C)  earthquakes 
D)  baked near a hot magma intrusion 
A)  volcanic eruptions 
B)  plate tectonics 
C)  earthquakes 
D)  baked near a hot magma intrusion

Exam 6: Formation of Metamorphic Rocks

Evaluate the following statement. "Tectonic processes help metamorphism by burying rocks."

If a rock containing kyanite, sillimanite, and andalusite were to undergo an increase in pressure, what must happen to temperature in order for that rock to continue to have stable kyanite, sillimanite, and andalusite?

What is one way that polymorph minerals, such as aluminum-silicates, change from one form to another?

How are the conditions of metamorphism determined? Why aren't minerals such as quartz and feldspar helpful in determining the conditions?

When a shale metamorphoses into a slate why do some slates contain muscovite and some slates contain chlorite?

What apparent difference is there between a gneiss that is formed from igneous rock and one formed from sedimentary rock?

What does the prefix meta, such as in metaconglomerate, mean?

What is the role of pressure in metamorphism?

What aluminosilicate polymorph is stable at a pressure of 1 kilobar and a temperature of 700 degrees C?

What aluminosilicate polymorph is stable at a pressure of 4 kilobars and a temperature of 400 degrees C?

Choose the option that puts the minerals in order of formation from low-grade metamorphism to high-grade metamorphism.

A fine-grained, greasy metamorphic rock composed of serpentine is classified as a(n)

A shale metamorphosed to high metamorphic grade would become a(n)

If a rock containing kyanite and sillimanite were to undergo an increase in pressure, what must happen to temperature in order for that rock to continue to have stable kyanite and sillimanite?

What grade of metamorphism occurs at a depth of 5 km and a temperature of 1100 degrees C?

Figure 6.2 -According to Figure 6.2 in your textbook, when metamorphism occurs, the range of temperatures and pressures encompasses all of the following except

How can geologists tell what the rock was before it was metamorphosed?

What type of reaction is this? KAl3Si3O10(OH)2 + SiO2 --> Al2SiO5 + KAlSi3O8 + H2O

A very hard, non-foliated metamorphic rock composed microscopically small crystals is classified as a(n)

What causes the breakdown of dolomite?

Why Study Earth

Minerals: Building Blocks of the Planet

Rocks and Rock-Forming Processes

Formation of Magma and Igneous Rocks

Formation of Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Making Earth

Motion Inside Earth

Deformation of Rocks

Global Tectonics: Plates and Plumes

Tectonics and Surface Relief

Soil Formation and Landscape Stability

Mass Movements: Landscapes in Motion

Streams: Flowing Water Shapes the Landscape

Water Flowing Underground

Glaciers: Cold-Climate Sculptors of Continents

Shorelines: Changing Landscapes Where Land Meets Sea

Wind: a Global Geologic Process

Global Warming: Real Time Change in the Earth System

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