Question 1

What is the correct order of the layers of the Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  mantle, continental crust, oceanic crust, inner, and outer core 
B)  continental crust, oceanic crust, outer core, mantle, inner core 
C)  continental crust, oceanic crust, mantle, outer core, inner core 
D)  outer core, oceanic crust, continental crust, mantle, inner core 
A)  mantle, continental crust, oceanic crust, inner, and outer core 
B)  continental crust, oceanic crust, outer core, mantle, inner core 
C)  continental crust, oceanic crust, mantle, outer core, inner core 
D)  outer core, oceanic crust, continental crust, mantle, inner core

Question 2

Which fact is not important when using earthquake waves to study Earth's interior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wave velocity depends on the medium. 
B)  Body waves penetrate deep into Earth. 
C)  Seismic stations are placed in many locations on Earth's surface. 
D)  Surface waves rarely penetrate deeply into the Earth. 
A)  Wave velocity depends on the medium. 
B)  Body waves penetrate deep into Earth. 
C)  Seismic stations are placed in many locations on Earth's surface. 
D)  Surface waves rarely penetrate deeply into the Earth.

Question 3

A paper or digital record of surface and body wave motion is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  seismogram. 
B)  seismologist. 
C)  seismic wave. 
D)  seismometer. 
A)  seismogram. 
B)  seismologist. 
C)  seismic wave. 
D)  seismometer.

Question 4

Which process does not heat the inside of Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  radioactive decay of elements in the mantle and crust 
B)  crystallization of iron in the core 
C)  pressure applied by the weight of oceans 
D)  volcanic action 
A)  radioactive decay of elements in the mantle and crust 
B)  crystallization of iron in the core 
C)  pressure applied by the weight of oceans 
D)  volcanic action

Question 5

Earth's continental crust is ________ thick.

Accepted Answer

A)  25 - 50 km 
B)  37.5 km 
C)  50 km 
D)  25 km 
A)  25 - 50 km 
B)  37.5 km 
C)  50 km 
D)  25 km

Question 6

There is more than one type of crust on Earth. What are they? How do they differ?

Accepted Answer

The two kinds of crust that exist on Ear

Question 7

Choose the option that puts the waves in order from slowest to quickest.

Accepted Answer

A)  P-waves, S-waves, surface waves 
B)  S-waves, P-waves, surface waves 
C)  surface waves, P-waves, S-waves 
D)  surface waves, S-waves, P-waves 
A)  P-waves, S-waves, surface waves 
B)  S-waves, P-waves, surface waves 
C)  surface waves, P-waves, S-waves 
D)  surface waves, S-waves, P-waves

Question 8

What are the various layers of Earth and what are they made of? Also, are they liquid or solid?

Accepted Answer

First there is the crust, both continent

Question 9

Which Earth section creates the most heat from radioactivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  the oceanic crust 
B)  the continental crust 
C)  the core 
D)  the mantle 
A)  the oceanic crust 
B)  the continental crust 
C)  the core 
D)  the mantle

Question 10

Which is not a method that geologists use to study Earth's interior?

Accepted Answer

A)  They infer the interior composition at deep levels from calculations of Earth's density. 
B)  They construct images of the interior using calculations of energy from earthquakes. 
C)  They use ultrasound, X-rays, infrared, and SONAR imaging to get three-dimensional images of rocks at depth. 
D)  They analyze core samples from drilled boreholes. 
A)  They infer the interior composition at deep levels from calculations of Earth's density. 
B)  They construct images of the interior using calculations of energy from earthquakes. 
C)  They use ultrasound, X-rays, infrared, and SONAR imaging to get three-dimensional images of rocks at depth. 
D)  They analyze core samples from drilled boreholes.

Question 11

The only way to study the composition and mineralogy of oceanic crustal rocks is by drilling or dredging.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The ________ is solid and very iron rich.

Accepted Answer

A)  crust (continental) 
B)  crust (oceanic) 
C)  mantle 
D)  core (outer) 
E)  core (inner) 
A)  crust (continental) 
B)  crust (oceanic) 
C)  mantle 
D)  core (outer) 
E)  core (inner)

Question 13

A change in direction of a body wave when it crosses a boundary between layers with different physical properties is called seismic

Accepted Answer

A)  absorption. 
B)  reflection. 
C)  refraction. 
D)  velocity. 
A)  absorption. 
B)  reflection. 
C)  refraction. 
D)  velocity.

Question 14

The average radius of Earth is ________ km.

Accepted Answer

A)  6350 
B)  6371 
C)  6378 
D)  6357 
A)  6350 
B)  6371 
C)  6378 
D)  6357

Question 15

Earth exhibits a gradual inward transition from low-density to high-density rock.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

An electrical signal is delivered to a transducer that changes the signal into a thump on a rock. As the wave travels through the rock, an electric sensor records the signal's travel time. What does this experiment help scientists to calculate?

Accepted Answer

A)  the force of a wave 
B)  the magnitude of a wave 
C)  the effect of a medium on wave travel 
D)  the velocity of a wave 
A)  the force of a wave 
B)  the magnitude of a wave 
C)  the effect of a medium on wave travel 
D)  the velocity of a wave

Question 17

What is the approximate depth of the liquid outer core, given the inferences of depth of the core-mantle boundary and the inner-outer core boundary?

Accepted Answer

A)  2900 km 
B)  2255 km 
C)  5155 km 
D)  6371 km 
A)  2900 km 
B)  2255 km 
C)  5155 km 
D)  6371 km

Question 18

Which of the following is not a reason that scientists have inferred that the core consists mostly of iron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iron is the only common element that accounts for the high density of the core. 
B)  Liquid iron in the core can explain Earth's magnetic field. 
C)  Molten iron's typical movement accounts for the wobbly rotation of Earth on its axis. 
D)  Some meteorites consist mostly of iron and appear to be likely analogs for planet cores. 
A)  Iron is the only common element that accounts for the high density of the core. 
B)  Liquid iron in the core can explain Earth's magnetic field. 
C)  Molten iron's typical movement accounts for the wobbly rotation of Earth on its axis. 
D)  Some meteorites consist mostly of iron and appear to be likely analogs for planet cores.

Question 19

Seismometers are extremely sensitive instruments designed to detect, amplify, and record surface and body wave motion, some of which may not be felt by humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What is a similarity between oceanic and continental crust?

Accepted Answer

A)  density 
B)  depth 
C)  composition of the mantle underneath 
D)  composition of the crust 
A)  density 
B)  depth 
C)  composition of the mantle underneath 
D)  composition of the crust

Exam 8: Earth Materials As Time Keepers

What is the correct order of the layers of the Earth?

Which fact is not important when using earthquake waves to study Earth's interior?

A paper or digital record of surface and body wave motion is called a

Which process does not heat the inside of Earth?

Earth's continental crust is ________ thick.

There is more than one type of crust on Earth. What are they? How do they differ?

Choose the option that puts the waves in order from slowest to quickest.

What are the various layers of Earth and what are they made of? Also, are they liquid or solid?

Which Earth section creates the most heat from radioactivity?

Which is not a method that geologists use to study Earth's interior?

The only way to study the composition and mineralogy of oceanic crustal rocks is by drilling or dredging.

The ________ is solid and very iron rich.

A change in direction of a body wave when it crosses a boundary between layers with different physical properties is called seismic

The average radius of Earth is ________ km.

Earth exhibits a gradual inward transition from low-density to high-density rock.

An electrical signal is delivered to a transducer that changes the signal into a thump on a rock. As the wave travels through the rock, an electric sensor records the signal's travel time. What does this experiment help scientists to calculate?

What is the approximate depth of the liquid outer core, given the inferences of depth of the core-mantle boundary and the inner-outer core boundary?

Which of the following is not a reason that scientists have inferred that the core consists mostly of iron?

Seismometers are extremely sensitive instruments designed to detect, amplify, and record surface and body wave motion, some of which may not be felt by humans.

What is a similarity between oceanic and continental crust?

Why Study Earth

Minerals: Building Blocks of the Planet

Rocks and Rock-Forming Processes

Formation of Magma and Igneous Rocks

Formation of Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

Formation of Metamorphic Rocks

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Making Earth

Motion Inside Earth

Deformation of Rocks

Global Tectonics: Plates and Plumes

Tectonics and Surface Relief

Soil Formation and Landscape Stability

Mass Movements: Landscapes in Motion

Streams: Flowing Water Shapes the Landscape

Water Flowing Underground

Glaciers: Cold-Climate Sculptors of Continents

Shorelines: Changing Landscapes Where Land Meets Sea

Wind: a Global Geologic Process

Global Warming: Real Time Change in the Earth System

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