Question 1

A stream's load consists of all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  dissolved load. 
B)  suspended load. 
C)  float load. 
D)  bedload. 
A)  dissolved load. 
B)  suspended load. 
C)  float load. 
D)  bedload.

Question 2

Sediment deposits that form when stream flow abruptly changes from a confined channel to being unconfined are called

Accepted Answer

A)  abrupt deposits. 
B)  unconfined fans. 
C)  gravel deposits. 
D)  alluvial fans. 
A)  abrupt deposits. 
B)  unconfined fans. 
C)  gravel deposits. 
D)  alluvial fans.

Question 3

A piece of gravel in a stream is least likely to experience which motion?

Accepted Answer

A)  sliding along the floor 
B)  bouncing along the floor 
C)  whirling in an eddy 
D)  rolling along the floor 
A)  sliding along the floor 
B)  bouncing along the floor 
C)  whirling in an eddy 
D)  rolling along the floor

Question 4

Which is not an effect resulting from dam construction on a river?

Accepted Answer

A)  sediment deposition above the dam 
B)  erosion of the channel bed below the dam 
C)  increased sediment build-up below the dam 
D)  bank stabilization below the dam 
A)  sediment deposition above the dam 
B)  erosion of the channel bed below the dam 
C)  increased sediment build-up below the dam 
D)  bank stabilization below the dam

Question 5

The effect of climate on sediment load is a result on the interaction of all of the following factors except

Accepted Answer

A)  the vegetative cover. 
B)  the steepness of slopes. 
C)  the amount of precipitation. 
D)  the amount of sediment produced by weathering. 
A)  the vegetative cover. 
B)  the steepness of slopes. 
C)  the amount of precipitation. 
D)  the amount of sediment produced by weathering.

Question 6

Streamload that floats in the water column is called

Accepted Answer

A)  float load. 
B)  suspended load. 
C)  column load. 
D)  roll load. 
A)  float load. 
B)  suspended load. 
C)  column load. 
D)  roll load.

Question 7

With regards to particle transport by streams, the resisting forces include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  water depth. 
B)  particle weight. 
C)  friction with its neighbors. 
D)  cohesion with its neighbors. 
A)  water depth. 
B)  particle weight. 
C)  friction with its neighbors. 
D)  cohesion with its neighbors.

Question 8

Deep incised river canyons most likely form through some combination of tectonic ________ and climate change that resulted in ________ precipitation.

Accepted Answer

A)  uplift, more 
B)  uplift, less 
C)  subsidence, more 
D)  subsidence, less 
A)  uplift, more 
B)  uplift, less 
C)  subsidence, more 
D)  subsidence, less

Question 9

You are walking along a stream and you find small, smooth grains and sediment, that is very well-sorted. What can you deduce from this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sediment has traveled a short way, and the water that deposited it stopped moving very quickly. 
B)  The sediment has traveled a long way, and the water that deposited it stopped moving very slowly. 
C)  The sediment has traveled a short way, and the water that deposited it stopped moving very slowly. 
D)  The sediment has traveled a long way, and the water that deposited it stopped moving very quickly. 
A)  The sediment has traveled a short way, and the water that deposited it stopped moving very quickly. 
B)  The sediment has traveled a long way, and the water that deposited it stopped moving very slowly. 
C)  The sediment has traveled a short way, and the water that deposited it stopped moving very slowly. 
D)  The sediment has traveled a long way, and the water that deposited it stopped moving very quickly.

Question 10

All of these factors must decrease in order for a stream to deposit sediment except

Accepted Answer

A)  shear stress. 
B)  velocity. 
C)  power. 
D)  volume. 
A)  shear stress. 
B)  velocity. 
C)  power. 
D)  volume.

Question 11

A student in the field is taking observational notes about a stream and postulates, "This stream must be shallower and slower downstream." Evaluate this statement.

Accepted Answer

A)  The statement could be true if the stream was also narrower. 
B)  The statement is false because streams always deepen as they proceed downstream. 
C)  The statement is probably false because discharge always increases as streams proceed downstream. 
D)  The statement is probably true, especially if the stream has a sandy bottom. 
A)  The statement could be true if the stream was also narrower. 
B)  The statement is false because streams always deepen as they proceed downstream. 
C)  The statement is probably false because discharge always increases as streams proceed downstream. 
D)  The statement is probably true, especially if the stream has a sandy bottom.

Question 12

Which appears to be the best method of living near floodplains?

Accepted Answer

A)  Using sandbags to block incoming water when floods occur. 
B)  Effective land use planning. 
C)  Build houses that will effectively block floodwaters. 
D)  It is best not to live near floodplains at all. 
A)  Using sandbags to block incoming water when floods occur. 
B)  Effective land use planning. 
C)  Build houses that will effectively block floodwaters. 
D)  It is best not to live near floodplains at all.

Question 13

To make the data fall into a line that can be analyzed for a 100-year flood, scientists use

Accepted Answer

A)  stream elevation data. 
B)  nonlinear axes. 
C)  polar graph paper. 
D)  rounded-off estimates of time intervals. 
A)  stream elevation data. 
B)  nonlinear axes. 
C)  polar graph paper. 
D)  rounded-off estimates of time intervals.

Question 14

In terms of the 100-year flood area, estimates of water depth calculations generated by computer models are uncertain. Evaluate the impact of this fact on insurers of landowners residing near that area.

Accepted Answer

A)  Insurers can rely on the calculations of the depth of the 100-year flood and need not investigate further. 
B)  Though the difference in depth is likely only a small amount, it may cover a large area of land because the land has a very low slope. 
C)  Computer calculations are not considered as reliable as observations, therefore insurers do not accept these estimates. 
D)  Landowners should only build outside the 500-year flood area, as the 100-year flood could happen at any time and insurers will not insure properties within that area. 
A)  Insurers can rely on the calculations of the depth of the 100-year flood and need not investigate further. 
B)  Though the difference in depth is likely only a small amount, it may cover a large area of land because the land has a very low slope. 
C)  Computer calculations are not considered as reliable as observations, therefore insurers do not accept these estimates. 
D)  Landowners should only build outside the 500-year flood area, as the 100-year flood could happen at any time and insurers will not insure properties within that area.

Question 15

What type of stream pattern would you expect to develop in a stream that had a low bedload to suspended load ratio, a higher percentage of finer grained sediment, stable banks, constant discharge and a low channel slope?

Accepted Answer

A)  highly meandering pattern 
B)  moderately meandering pattern 
C)  mixed meandering and braided pattern 
D)  moderately braided pattern 
E)  highly braided pattern 
A)  highly meandering pattern 
B)  moderately meandering pattern 
C)  mixed meandering and braided pattern 
D)  moderately braided pattern 
E)  highly braided pattern

Question 16

All of the following minerals form when lake water evaporates faster than water enters the lake, except

Accepted Answer

A)  halite. 
B)  borax. 
C)  feldspar. 
D)  gypsum. 
A)  halite. 
B)  borax. 
C)  feldspar. 
D)  gypsum.

Question 17

In terms of the hydrologic cycle, where is precipitation generally greatest?

Accepted Answer

A)  over wide, flat areas 
B)  near mountainous regions 
C)  over canyons 
D)  over lakes 
A)  over wide, flat areas 
B)  near mountainous regions 
C)  over canyons 
D)  over lakes

Question 18

How are natural levees formed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bedload rises up over river banks during high floods. 
B)  Suspended load is deposited when the river covers the floodplain. 
C)  Minerals precipitate at the sides of rivers when the water is at bankfull level. 
D)  Cementing action occurs at the sides of streams as a result of the high velocity of the water. 
A)  Bedload rises up over river banks during high floods. 
B)  Suspended load is deposited when the river covers the floodplain. 
C)  Minerals precipitate at the sides of rivers when the water is at bankfull level. 
D)  Cementing action occurs at the sides of streams as a result of the high velocity of the water.

Question 19

During a flood, which factor does not decrease further away from the channel during a flood?

Accepted Answer

A)  height of the levee formed 
B)  grain size of sediment deposited 
C)  amount of bedload deposited 
D)  amount of suspended load deposited 
A)  height of the levee formed 
B)  grain size of sediment deposited 
C)  amount of bedload deposited 
D)  amount of suspended load deposited

Question 20

The town of Thistle in Utah was submerged by a lake formed by

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive rainfall. 
B)  a dam formed by a lava flow from a volcano. 
C)  a dam formed by a landslide. 
D)  a human-made dam. 
A)  excessive rainfall. 
B)  a dam formed by a lava flow from a volcano. 
C)  a dam formed by a landslide. 
D)  a human-made dam.

Exam 16: Streams: Flowing Water Shapes the Landscape

A stream's load consists of all of the following except

Sediment deposits that form when stream flow abruptly changes from a confined channel to being unconfined are called

A piece of gravel in a stream is least likely to experience which motion?

Which is not an effect resulting from dam construction on a river?

The effect of climate on sediment load is a result on the interaction of all of the following factors except

Streamload that floats in the water column is called

With regards to particle transport by streams, the resisting forces include all of the following except

Deep incised river canyons most likely form through some combination of tectonic ________ and climate change that resulted in ________ precipitation.

You are walking along a stream and you find small, smooth grains and sediment, that is very well-sorted. What can you deduce from this observation?

All of these factors must decrease in order for a stream to deposit sediment except

A student in the field is taking observational notes about a stream and postulates, "This stream must be shallower and slower downstream." Evaluate this statement.

Which appears to be the best method of living near floodplains?

To make the data fall into a line that can be analyzed for a 100-year flood, scientists use

In terms of the 100-year flood area, estimates of water depth calculations generated by computer models are uncertain. Evaluate the impact of this fact on insurers of landowners residing near that area.

What type of stream pattern would you expect to develop in a stream that had a low bedload to suspended load ratio, a higher percentage of finer grained sediment, stable banks, constant discharge and a low channel slope?

All of the following minerals form when lake water evaporates faster than water enters the lake, except

In terms of the hydrologic cycle, where is precipitation generally greatest?

How are natural levees formed?

During a flood, which factor does not decrease further away from the channel during a flood?

The town of Thistle in Utah was submerged by a lake formed by

Why Study Earth

Minerals: Building Blocks of the Planet

Rocks and Rock-Forming Processes

Formation of Magma and Igneous Rocks

Formation of Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

Formation of Metamorphic Rocks

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Earth Materials As Time Keepers

Making Earth

Motion Inside Earth

Deformation of Rocks

Global Tectonics: Plates and Plumes

Tectonics and Surface Relief

Soil Formation and Landscape Stability

Mass Movements: Landscapes in Motion

Water Flowing Underground

Glaciers: Cold-Climate Sculptors of Continents

Shorelines: Changing Landscapes Where Land Meets Sea

Wind: a Global Geologic Process

Global Warming: Real Time Change in the Earth System

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Deep incised river canyons most likely form through some combination of tectonic and climate change that resulted in precipitation.