The thermodynmaic state of gas changes configuration from one with 3.8 * 1018 multiplicity to one with 7.9 * 1019 microstates. The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 *10-23 J/K. The change in entropy is:

A) $\Delta$ S = 0 B) $\Delta$ S = 1.04 *10-23 J/K C) F$\Delta$ S = -1.04 *10-23 J/K D) $\Delta$ S = 4.19 *10-23 J/K E) $\Delta$ S = -4.19 *10-23 J/K A) $\Delta$ S = 0 B) $\Delta$ S = 1.04 *10-23 J/K C) F$\Delta$ S = -1.04 *10-23 J/K D) $\Delta$ S = 4.19 *10-23 J/K E) $\Delta$ S = -4.19 *10-23 J/K

Twenty-five identical molecules are in a box. Microstates are designated by identifying the molecules in the left and right halves of the box. The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 * 10-23 J/K. The entropy associated with the configuration for which 15 molecules are in the left half and 10 molecules are in the right half is:

A) 2.07 *10-22 J/K B) 7.31 * 10-22 J/K C) 4.44 * 10-23 J/K D) 6.91 *10-23 J/K E) 2.22 *10-23 J/K A) 2.07 *10-22 J/K B) 7.31 * 10-22 J/K C) 4.44 * 10-23 J/K D) 6.91 *10-23 J/K E) 2.22 *10-23 J/K

Exam 20: Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

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The thermodynmaic state of gas changes configuration from one with 3.8 * 10¹⁸ multiplicity to one with 7.9 * 10¹⁹ microstates. The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 *10^-²³ J/K. The change in entropy is:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 41

Twenty-five identical molecules are in a box. Microstates are designated by identifying the molecules in the left and right halves of the box. The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 * 10^-²³ J/K. The entropy associated with the configuration for which 15 molecules are in the left half and 10 molecules are in the right half is:

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 42

Let S_I denote the change in entropy of a sample for an irreversible process from state A to state B. Let S_R denote the change in entropy of the same sample for a reversible process from state A to state B. Then:

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Question 43

On a warm day a pool of water transfers energy to the air as heat and freezes. This is a direct violation of:

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Question 44

Consider the following processes: The temperature of two identical gases are increased from the same initial temperature to the same final temperature. Reversible processes are used. For gas A the process is carried out at constant volume while for gas B it is carried out at constant pressure. The change in entropy:

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Question 45

Let k be the Boltzmann constant. If the configuration of the molecules in a gas changes so that the multiplicity is reduced to one-third its previous value, the entropy of the gas changes by:

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Question 46

A Carnot heat engine runs between a cold reservoir at temperature T_C and a hot reservoir at temperature T_H. You want to increase its efficiency. Of the following, which change results in the greatest increase in efficiency? The value of $\Delta$ T is the same for all changes.

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Question 47

Consider the following processes: Which are never found to occur?

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Question 48

A certain heat engine draws 500 cal/s from a water bath at 27 $\degree$ C and transfers 400 cal/s to a reservoir at a lower temperature. The efficiency of this engine is:

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Question 49

According to the second law of thermodynamics:

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Question 50

According to the second law of thermodynamics:

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Question 51

One mole of an ideal gas expands reversibly and isothermally at temperature T until its volume is doubled. The change of entropy of this gas for this process is:

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Question 52

In a thermally insulated kitchen, an ordinary refrigerator is turned on and its door is left open. The temperature of the room:

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Question 53

A heat engine absorbs energy of magnitude $\mid$ Q_H $\mid$ from a high temperature reservoir, does work of magnitude $\mid$ W $\mid$ , and transferes energy of magnitude $\mid$ Q_L $\mid$ as heat to a low temperature reservoir. Its efficiency is:

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Question 54

A heat engine operates between 200 K and 100 K. In each cycle it takes 100 J from the hot reservoir, loses 25 J to the cold reservoir, and does 75 J of work. This heat engine violates:

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Question 55

Possible units of entropy are:

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Question 56

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Exam 20: Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

The thermodynmaic state of gas changes configuration from one with 3.8 * 1018 multiplicity to one with 7.9 * 1019 microstates. The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 *10-23 J/K. The change in entropy is:

Let SI denote the change in entropy of a sample for an irreversible process from state A to state B. Let SR denote the change in entropy of the same sample for a reversible process from state A to state B. Then:

On a warm day a pool of water transfers energy to the air as heat and freezes. This is a direct violation of:

Let k be the Boltzmann constant. If the configuration of the molecules in a gas changes so that the multiplicity is reduced to one-third its previous value, the entropy of the gas changes by:

A Carnot heat engine runs between a cold reservoir at temperature TC and a hot reservoir at temperature TH. You want to increase its efficiency. Of the following, which change results in the greatest increase in efficiency? The value of Δ\DeltaΔ T is the same for all changes.

Consider the following processes: Which are never found to occur?

A certain heat engine draws 500 cal/s from a water bath at 27 °\degree° C and transfers 400 cal/s to a reservoir at a lower temperature. The efficiency of this engine is:

According to the second law of thermodynamics:

According to the second law of thermodynamics:

One mole of an ideal gas expands reversibly and isothermally at temperature T until its volume is doubled. The change of entropy of this gas for this process is:

In a thermally insulated kitchen, an ordinary refrigerator is turned on and its door is left open. The temperature of the room:

A heat engine absorbs energy of magnitude ∣\mid∣ QH ∣\mid∣ from a high temperature reservoir, does work of magnitude ∣\mid∣ W ∣\mid∣ , and transferes energy of magnitude ∣\mid∣ QL ∣\mid∣ as heat to a low temperature reservoir. Its efficiency is:

A heat engine operates between 200 K and 100 K. In each cycle it takes 100 J from the hot reservoir, loses 25 J to the cold reservoir, and does 75 J of work. This heat engine violates:

Possible units of entropy are:

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The thermodynmaic state of gas changes configuration from one with 3.8 * 10¹⁸ multiplicity to one with 7.9 * 10¹⁹ microstates. The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 *10^-²³ J/K. The change in entropy is:

Let S_I denote the change in entropy of a sample for an irreversible process from state A to state B. Let S_R denote the change in entropy of the same sample for a reversible process from state A to state B. Then:

A Carnot heat engine runs between a cold reservoir at temperature T_C and a hot reservoir at temperature T_H. You want to increase its efficiency. Of the following, which change results in the greatest increase in efficiency? The value of $\Delta$ T is the same for all changes.

A certain heat engine draws 500 cal/s from a water bath at 27 $\degree$ C and transfers 400 cal/s to a reservoir at a lower temperature. The efficiency of this engine is:

A heat engine absorbs energy of magnitude $\mid$ Q_H $\mid$ from a high temperature reservoir, does work of magnitude $\mid$ W $\mid$ , and transferes energy of magnitude $\mid$ Q_L $\mid$ as heat to a low temperature reservoir. Its efficiency is: