Question 1

Which of the following is part of the mechanism for epigenetic regulation of the Igf-2 gene

Accepted Answer

A)  Methylation of the H19 locus 
B)  Methylation of the ICR and DMR domains 
C)  Binding of CTC factors to methylated sequences 
D)  Answers B and C are correct 
E)  Answers A and C are correct 
A)  Methylation of the H19 locus 
B)  Methylation of the ICR and DMR domains 
C)  Binding of CTC factors to methylated sequences 
D)  Answers B and C are correct 
E)  Answers A and C are correct

Question 2

The expression of a single allele is associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  X-inactivation 
B)  Genomic imprinting 
C)  Maternal inheritance 
D)  Extra nuclear inheritance 
A)  X-inactivation 
B)  Genomic imprinting 
C)  Maternal inheritance 
D)  Extra nuclear inheritance

Question 3

Epigenetic inheritance may occur at which of the following stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oogenesis 
B)  Spermatogenesis 
C)  Embryogenesis 
D)  All of the answers are correct 
A)  Oogenesis 
B)  Spermatogenesis 
C)  Embryogenesis 
D)  All of the answers are correct

Question 4

What gene is most responsible for X-inactivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Xic 
B)  Xist 
C)  Tsix 
D)  Xce 
A)  Xic 
B)  Xist 
C)  Tsix 
D)  Xce

Question 5

A modification that occurs to a nuclear gene that alters gene expression, but not permanently, is called ________ inheritance.

Accepted Answer

A)  extranuclear 
B)  cytoplasmic 
C)  maternal effect 
D)  epigenetic 
E)  nuclear 
A)  extranuclear 
B)  cytoplasmic 
C)  maternal effect 
D)  epigenetic 
E)  nuclear

Question 6

Which of the following statements are correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Changes in gene expression based on environmental conditions are not considered normal while developmental changes are 
B)  Environmental epigenetic changes can vary due to the exposure of the organism to different environmental conditions, while those programmed during development are the result of stimuli generated by the organism itself 
C)  Environmental epigenetic gene regulation only occurs in reptiles and insects, while developmental epigenetic regulation occurs in all animals 
D)  Environmental epigenetic gene regulation is typically reversible while developmental epigenetic gene regulation is typically not reversible. 
A)  Changes in gene expression based on environmental conditions are not considered normal while developmental changes are 
B)  Environmental epigenetic changes can vary due to the exposure of the organism to different environmental conditions, while those programmed during development are the result of stimuli generated by the organism itself 
C)  Environmental epigenetic gene regulation only occurs in reptiles and insects, while developmental epigenetic regulation occurs in all animals 
D)  Environmental epigenetic gene regulation is typically reversible while developmental epigenetic gene regulation is typically not reversible.

Question 7

In cancer cells one allele of the tumor suppressor gene p53 is frequently mutated so that the protein is inactive, not produced, or deleted. The other allele will usually have a normal sequence and the promoter remains intact but the gene is not expressed. Sequencing with sodium bisulfite modification of DNA can be used to detect which cytosines are methylated. If the cancer cell DNA is sequenced what would be the anticipated results?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytosines in or near the promoter region will be methylated 
B)  Cytosines in or near the promoter will not be methylated 
C)  Cytosines in the coding region will have an increased methylation 
D)  There will be no differences in the methylation pattern of the promoter of p53 from a cancer cell and a normal cell 
A)  Cytosines in or near the promoter region will be methylated 
B)  Cytosines in or near the promoter will not be methylated 
C)  Cytosines in the coding region will have an increased methylation 
D)  There will be no differences in the methylation pattern of the promoter of p53 from a cancer cell and a normal cell

Question 8

A common way of studying methylation in cells is to sequence DNA samples before and after modification with sodium bisulfite. The sodium bisulfite deaminates Cytosine residues, generating Uracil residues, therefore resulting in a change in the sequence as compared to the non-modified DNA. Sodium bisulfite does not react with 5-methylcytosine so there will be no change in the sequence of those modified bases. When tumors are sequenced to study methylation patterns and epigenetic control, what would be the best control for sequencing using this technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  Non-cancerous tissue DNA from a different individual but from the same organ 
B)  Liver DNA from the same individual that the cancer sample is from 
C)  DNA from non-cancerous tissue from the same individual's organ as the cancer 
D)  A combination of DNA from liver, brain and muscle from the same individual that has the cancer 
A)  Non-cancerous tissue DNA from a different individual but from the same organ 
B)  Liver DNA from the same individual that the cancer sample is from 
C)  DNA from non-cancerous tissue from the same individual's organ as the cancer 
D)  A combination of DNA from liver, brain and muscle from the same individual that has the cancer

Question 9

A promoter mutation can turn a normal gene into an oncogene

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Both parents usually imprint the same gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Covalent histone modification is sometimes involved in cell differentiation

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Feeding a specific diet to female mice may result in an increased proportion of pseudoagouti offspring if

Accepted Answer

A)  The female carries the Avy allele 
B)  The offspring have the genotype Avya 
C)  The transposon at the Avy locus in the progeny is hypermethylated 
D)  Answers B and C are correct 
A)  The female carries the Avy allele 
B)  The offspring have the genotype Avya 
C)  The transposon at the Avy locus in the progeny is hypermethylated 
D)  Answers B and C are correct

Question 13

Gene methylation can be detected through the use of restriction endonucleases. Usually these are used in pairs where one enzyme will digest only unmethylated DNA in its recognition sequence while the other is insensitive to methylation. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The enzyme that is insensitive to methylation serves as a control to make sure the inability of the other enzyme to digest DNA is not due to a mutation. 
B)  These are used in pairs since experiments have to be replicated and this one way of performing a replication of the experiment 
C)  The experimental design is flawed since there should be a third enzyme that would serve as a positive control 
D)  This experimental design is able to detect most of the methylated C residues in a particular region of DNA. 
A)  The enzyme that is insensitive to methylation serves as a control to make sure the inability of the other enzyme to digest DNA is not due to a mutation. 
B)  These are used in pairs since experiments have to be replicated and this one way of performing a replication of the experiment 
C)  The experimental design is flawed since there should be a third enzyme that would serve as a positive control 
D)  This experimental design is able to detect most of the methylated C residues in a particular region of DNA.

Question 14

Research suggests that the silencing of paramutagenic may involve short RNAs incorporated into RNA-induced silencing complexes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In the Igf-2 allele, which chromosome is imprinted? Which is expressed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paternal, paternal 
B)  Paternal, maternal 
C)  Maternal, paternal 
D)  Maternal, maternal 
A)  Paternal, paternal 
B)  Paternal, maternal 
C)  Maternal, paternal 
D)  Maternal, maternal

Question 16

Expression of ________ would inhibit X-inactivation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Xic 
B)  Xist 
C)  Tsix 
D)  All of the answers are correct 
E)  None of the answers are correct 
A)  Xic 
B)  Xist 
C)  Tsix 
D)  All of the answers are correct 
E)  None of the answers are correct

Question 17

Expression of a tumor suppressor gene can be impaired if its promoted in hypermethylated

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The differentially methylated region (DMR) is associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  X-inactivation 
B)  Genomic imprinting 
C)  Maternal inheritance 
D)  Extra nuclear inheritance 
E)  All of the answers are correct 
A)  X-inactivation 
B)  Genomic imprinting 
C)  Maternal inheritance 
D)  Extra nuclear inheritance 
E)  All of the answers are correct

Question 19

What gene(s) is/are encoded in the Xic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Xce 
B)  Xist 
C)  Tsix 
D)  Both the Tsix and Xist are genes are in the Xic region 
A)  Xce 
B)  Xist 
C)  Tsix 
D)  Both the Tsix and Xist are genes are in the Xic region

Exam 16: Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes Ii: Epigenetics

Which of the following is part of the mechanism for epigenetic regulation of the Igf-2 gene

The expression of a single allele is associated with which of the following?

Epigenetic inheritance may occur at which of the following stages?

What gene is most responsible for X-inactivation?

A modification that occurs to a nuclear gene that alters gene expression, but not permanently, is called ________ inheritance.

Which of the following statements are correct?

A promoter mutation can turn a normal gene into an oncogene

Both parents usually imprint the same gene.

Covalent histone modification is sometimes involved in cell differentiation

Feeding a specific diet to female mice may result in an increased proportion of pseudoagouti offspring if

Gene methylation can be detected through the use of restriction endonucleases. Usually these are used in pairs where one enzyme will digest only unmethylated DNA in its recognition sequence while the other is insensitive to methylation. Which of the following statements is correct?

Research suggests that the silencing of paramutagenic may involve short RNAs incorporated into RNA-induced silencing complexes.

In the Igf-2 allele, which chromosome is imprinted? Which is expressed?

Expression of ________ would inhibit X-inactivation.

Expression of a tumor suppressor gene can be impaired if its promoted in hypermethylated

The differentially methylated region (DMR) is associated with which of the following?

What gene(s) is/are encoded in the Xic?

Overview of Genetics

Mendelian Inheritance

Chromosome Transmission During Cell Division and Sexual Reproduction

Extensions of Mendelian Inheritance

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Transfer and Mapping in Bacteria

Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number

Molecular Structure of Dna and Rna

Chromosome Organization and Molecular Structure

Dna Replication

Gene Transcription and Rna Modification

Translation of Mrna

Gene Regulation in Bacteria

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes I: Transcriptional and Translation Regulation

Non-Coding Rnas

Genetics of Viruses

Gene Mutation and Dna Repair

Recombination, Immunogenetics, and Transposition

Molecular Technologies

Biotechnology

Genomics I: Analysis of Dna

Genomics Ii: Functional Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics

Medical Genetics and Cancer

Developmental Genetics

Population Genetics

Complex and Quantitative Traits

Evolutionary Genetics

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