Question 1

Heritability values can be compared between populations if there is variation in the environmental conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

When analyzing two variables, the strength of the association between the variables is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Covariance 
B)  Standard deviation 
C)  Correlation coefficient 
D)  Variance 
A)  Covariance 
B)  Standard deviation 
C)  Correlation coefficient 
D)  Variance C

Question 3

Hybrids resulting from matings of inbred strains often show heterosis, explained by two different hypotheses, overdominance and dominance. What are the predictions of these hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Overdominance hypothesis relies on dominant/recessive alleles 
B)  The Dominance hypothesis relies on the fact that in the F1s, the deleterious effects of recessive alleles are masked by dominant ones 
A)  The Overdominance hypothesis relies on dominant/recessive alleles 
B)  The Dominance hypothesis relies on the fact that in the F1s, the deleterious effects of recessive alleles are masked by dominant ones B

Question 4

The best definition for genotype-environment interactions is

Accepted Answer

A)  Environmental effects on the phenotype differ with genotype. 
B)  Environment does not affect phenotype. 
C)  Phenotypes will always be affected by the environment no matter what the genotype 
D)  Genotypes and phenotypes do not change with environmental conditions 
A)  Environmental effects on the phenotype differ with genotype. 
B)  Environment does not affect phenotype. 
C)  Phenotypes will always be affected by the environment no matter what the genotype 
D)  Genotypes and phenotypes do not change with environmental conditions

Question 5

The equation that describes the relationship between phenotypic variance, genetic variance and environmental variance is

Accepted Answer

A)  VP = VG + VE 
B)  1 = VG + VE + VP 
C)  VE = VG + VP 
D)  VG = VP + VE 
A)  VP = VG + VE 
B)  1 = VG + VE + VP 
C)  VE = VG + VP 
D)  VG = VP + VE

Question 6

Since quantitative traits are frequently associated with a number of genes and the environment, it is difficult to assign accurate phenotypic classes for a Punnett square diagram.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

If a population has no polymorphisms, then its genetic variance is 0.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The square root of the variance is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mean 
B)  Standard deviation 
C)  Standard error 
D)  Covariance 
A)  Mean 
B)  Standard deviation 
C)  Standard error 
D)  Covariance

Question 9

Heritability may be calculated as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The total variance minus environmental variance 
B)  Total variance minus genetic variance 
C)  Genetic variance divided by environmental variance 
D)  Genetic variance divided by total variance 
A)  The total variance minus environmental variance 
B)  Total variance minus genetic variance 
C)  Genetic variance divided by environmental variance 
D)  Genetic variance divided by total variance

Question 10

What is the mean height for the mothers and daughters?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mothers: 66.75 inches Daughters: 67.62 inches 
B)  Mothers: 65.75 Daughters: 67.62 
C)  Mothers: 66.75 Daughters: 66.52 
D)  Mothers: 65.67 Daughters: 66.45 
A)  Mothers: 66.75 inches Daughters: 67.62 inches 
B)  Mothers: 65.75 Daughters: 67.62 
C)  Mothers: 66.75 Daughters: 66.52 
D)  Mothers: 65.67 Daughters: 66.45

Question 11

For a quantitative trait, the total variance of the population is due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of variance due to genetic factors only 
B)  The amount of variance due to environmental factors only 
C)  The difference between the variance attributed to genetic and environmental factors 
D)  The sum of the genetic and environmental variances 
A)  The amount of variance due to genetic factors only 
B)  The amount of variance due to environmental factors only 
C)  The difference between the variance attributed to genetic and environmental factors 
D)  The sum of the genetic and environmental variances

Question 12

Calculate the narrow-sense heritability of height between aunts and nieces if the observed phenotypic correlation coefficient is 0.1.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.4 
B)  2.5 
C)  4 
D)  0.25 
A)  0.4 
B)  2.5 
C)  4 
D)  0.25

Question 13

Realized heritability may be determined from artificial selection experiments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In calculations of the degrees of freedom for a correlation coefficient, what value does the degrees of freedom take?

Accepted Answer

A)  (n - 1) 
B)  (n - 2) 
C)  (n - 1)/2 
D)  2(n - 1) 
A)  (n - 1) 
B)  (n - 2) 
C)  (n - 1)/2 
D)  2(n - 1)

Question 15

Eye color in Drosophila is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  Discontinuous, non-quantitative trait 
B)  Discontinuous, quantitative trait 
C)  Continuous, non-quantitative trait 
D)  Continuous, quantitative trait 
A)  Discontinuous, non-quantitative trait 
B)  Discontinuous, quantitative trait 
C)  Continuous, non-quantitative trait 
D)  Continuous, quantitative trait

Question 16

Many organisms used in modern agriculture are a result of artificial selection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What is the standard deviation for the mother's and daughter's heights?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mothers: 6.07 Daughters: 4.6 
B)  Mothers: 5.07 Daughters: 4.6 
C)  Mothers: 6.07 Daughters: 5.6 
D)  Mothers: 4.07 Daughters: 4.6 
A)  Mothers: 6.07 Daughters: 4.6 
B)  Mothers: 5.07 Daughters: 4.6 
C)  Mothers: 6.07 Daughters: 5.6 
D)  Mothers: 4.07 Daughters: 4.6

Question 18

A heritability value of 0.997 indicates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The majority of the phenotypic variation has a genetic basis 
B)  The majority of the phenotypic variation has an environmental basis 
C)  The trait is polygenic 
D)  There is a significant difference between the two strains 
A)  The majority of the phenotypic variation has a genetic basis 
B)  The majority of the phenotypic variation has an environmental basis 
C)  The trait is polygenic 
D)  There is a significant difference between the two strains

Question 19

After several generations of artificial selective breeding, a plateau is reached where artificial selection is no longer effective. This is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  realized limit 
B)  realized heritability 
C)  selection coefficient 
D)  selection limit 
A)  realized limit 
B)  realized heritability 
C)  selection coefficient 
D)  selection limit

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the degrees of freedom for the calculation of variance?

Accepted Answer

A)  (n + 1) 
B)  2(n + 1) 
C)  (n - 1)/n 
D)  (n - 1) 
A)  (n + 1) 
B)  2(n + 1) 
C)  (n - 1)/n 
D)  (n - 1)

Exam 28: Complex and Quantitative Traits

Heritability values can be compared between populations if there is variation in the environmental conditions.

When analyzing two variables, the strength of the association between the variables is called the ________.

Hybrids resulting from matings of inbred strains often show heterosis, explained by two different hypotheses, overdominance and dominance. What are the predictions of these hypotheses?

The best definition for genotype-environment interactions is

The equation that describes the relationship between phenotypic variance, genetic variance and environmental variance is

Since quantitative traits are frequently associated with a number of genes and the environment, it is difficult to assign accurate phenotypic classes for a Punnett square diagram.

If a population has no polymorphisms, then its genetic variance is 0.

The square root of the variance is called the ________.

Heritability may be calculated as which of the following?

What is the mean height for the mothers and daughters?

For a quantitative trait, the total variance of the population is due to which of the following?

Calculate the narrow-sense heritability of height between aunts and nieces if the observed phenotypic correlation coefficient is 0.1.

Realized heritability may be determined from artificial selection experiments.

In calculations of the degrees of freedom for a correlation coefficient, what value does the degrees of freedom take?

Eye color in Drosophila is an example of

Many organisms used in modern agriculture are a result of artificial selection.

What is the standard deviation for the mother's and daughter's heights?

A heritability value of 0.997 indicates which of the following?

After several generations of artificial selective breeding, a plateau is reached where artificial selection is no longer effective. This is called the ________.

Which of the following best describes the degrees of freedom for the calculation of variance?

Overview of Genetics

Mendelian Inheritance

Chromosome Transmission During Cell Division and Sexual Reproduction

Extensions of Mendelian Inheritance

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Transfer and Mapping in Bacteria

Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number

Molecular Structure of Dna and Rna

Chromosome Organization and Molecular Structure

Dna Replication

Gene Transcription and Rna Modification

Translation of Mrna

Gene Regulation in Bacteria

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes I: Transcriptional and Translation Regulation

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes Ii: Epigenetics

Non-Coding Rnas

Genetics of Viruses

Gene Mutation and Dna Repair

Recombination, Immunogenetics, and Transposition

Molecular Technologies

Biotechnology

Genomics I: Analysis of Dna

Genomics Ii: Functional Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics

Medical Genetics and Cancer

Developmental Genetics

Population Genetics

Evolutionary Genetics

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