Question 1

The mechanism for reactive oxygen species to cause mutation is

Accepted Answer

A)  bases are oxidized to a variety of different products which might pair with a different base than the original base would have. 
B)  thymine bases are dimerized which causes a break in the DNA which is not repaired correctly. 
C)  the reactive oxygen species stabilize different tautomeric forms of the bases causing inappropriate pairing. 
D)  guanine is depurinated by the reactive oxygen species and if it is not repaired can result in any base being inserted. 
A)  bases are oxidized to a variety of different products which might pair with a different base than the original base would have. 
B)  thymine bases are dimerized which causes a break in the DNA which is not repaired correctly. 
C)  the reactive oxygen species stabilize different tautomeric forms of the bases causing inappropriate pairing. 
D)  guanine is depurinated by the reactive oxygen species and if it is not repaired can result in any base being inserted.

Question 2

Which repair mechanism identifies daughter strands by methylation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Recombinational repair 
B)  Direct repair 
C)  Base excision repair 
D)  Mismatch repair 
E)  Nucleotide excision repair 
A)  Recombinational repair 
B)  Direct repair 
C)  Base excision repair 
D)  Mismatch repair 
E)  Nucleotide excision repair

Question 3

A heritable change in the genetic material is called a mutation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Translocations and inversions may result in

Accepted Answer

A)  TNRE 
B)  Anticipation 
C)  Position effect 
D)  Genome mutations 
A)  TNRE 
B)  Anticipation 
C)  Position effect 
D)  Genome mutations

Question 5

Beechdrops is a parasitic plant that cannot perform photosynthesis but relies on its host the Beech tree. However, Beechdrops still retains many if not all of the genes for photosynthesis. Snapdragons and gladiolas are common garden flowers that rely on their ability to perform photosynthesis. If you were to compare the gene sequences for these three plants for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) a protein necessary for photosynthesis what would you predict?

Accepted Answer

A)  The differences between gladiolas and snapdragons would most likely be silent mutations while those in beechdrops may be silent or missense 
B)  Since these three plants are not highly related the sequences for RuBisCO would be very different between them 
C)  The differences between gladiolas and snapdragons would most likely be in the second nucleotide of codons while beechdrops would have a higher number of mutations in the third nucleotide of the different codons 
D)  The differences between gladiolas and snapdragons would most likely be missense mutations while those in beechdrops may be silent or missense 
A)  The differences between gladiolas and snapdragons would most likely be silent mutations while those in beechdrops may be silent or missense 
B)  Since these three plants are not highly related the sequences for RuBisCO would be very different between them 
C)  The differences between gladiolas and snapdragons would most likely be in the second nucleotide of codons while beechdrops would have a higher number of mutations in the third nucleotide of the different codons 
D)  The differences between gladiolas and snapdragons would most likely be missense mutations while those in beechdrops may be silent or missense

Question 6

The difference between the polymerases used in translesion synthesis repair and general DNA replication is

Accepted Answer

A)  the polymerase used in translesion synthesis has a pocket that can accommodate the lesions while DNA pol III's pocket cannot. 
B)  there is no real difference between the polymerases except that the translesional polymerase is not part of the replication complex. 
C)  the polymerase used in translesion synthesis has a pocket that cannot accommodate the lesions, that is part of the mechanism by which the lesions are removed. 
D)  the polymerase used to remove the lesion has a modified nucleotide binding pocket allowing for mispairing of nucleotides. 
A)  the polymerase used in translesion synthesis has a pocket that can accommodate the lesions while DNA pol III's pocket cannot. 
B)  there is no real difference between the polymerases except that the translesional polymerase is not part of the replication complex. 
C)  the polymerase used in translesion synthesis has a pocket that cannot accommodate the lesions, that is part of the mechanism by which the lesions are removed. 
D)  the polymerase used to remove the lesion has a modified nucleotide binding pocket allowing for mispairing of nucleotides.

Question 7

The results of the replica plating experiments by the Lederbergs supported which theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Random mutation theory 
B)  Physical adaptation theory 
C)  Both theories 
D)  Neither theory 
A)  Random mutation theory 
B)  Physical adaptation theory 
C)  Both theories 
D)  Neither theory

Question 8

Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is an example of a deaminating agent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The wild-type eye color of Drosophila is red. A single-base mutation can occur that produces a white eye color. What statement is correct regarding this mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an example of a mutation that alters protein function 
B)  Individuals with white eyes have a reversion mutation 
C)  It would be an example of a silent mutation 
D)  The white eyed phenotype is called an example of a neutral mutation. 
A)  It is an example of a mutation that alters protein function 
B)  Individuals with white eyes have a reversion mutation 
C)  It would be an example of a silent mutation 
D)  The white eyed phenotype is called an example of a neutral mutation.

Question 10

Breakpoints in chromosomes can lead to mutant phenotypes when they occur in the middle of a gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A mutation in one gene that compensates for a mutation in another gene to result in the wild-type phenotype is called an intergenic suppressor mutation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Select the example of an induced mutational mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA replication errors 
B)  Tautomeric shifts of nucleic acid bases 
C)  Aberrant recombination 
D)  UV light 
E)  Transposable elements 
A)  DNA replication errors 
B)  Tautomeric shifts of nucleic acid bases 
C)  Aberrant recombination 
D)  UV light 
E)  Transposable elements

Question 13

Spontaneous mutations include

Accepted Answer

A)  Depurination, deamination, errors in DNA replication 
B)  UV light, radiation, deamination, depurination 
C)  UV light, radiation, deamination, errors in replication 
D)  UV light, errors in DNA replication, deamination, depurination 
A)  Depurination, deamination, errors in DNA replication 
B)  UV light, radiation, deamination, depurination 
C)  UV light, radiation, deamination, errors in replication 
D)  UV light, errors in DNA replication, deamination, depurination

Question 14

The mutation frequency for a gene is the ratio of the number of mutant genes to the total number of copies of that gene in a given population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Select the correct statement regarding rate of mutation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Rates of spontaneous mutation per cell generation typically range from 10-5 to 10-9 
B)  Mutation rates are consistent across species 
C)  Mutation rates are not influenced by environmental conditions 
D)  Mutation rates are constant 
A)  Rates of spontaneous mutation per cell generation typically range from 10-5 to 10-9 
B)  Mutation rates are consistent across species 
C)  Mutation rates are not influenced by environmental conditions 
D)  Mutation rates are constant

Question 16

How does position effect influence gene expression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Point mutations in promoters frequently occur by this mechanism 
B)  Translocations may result in a promoter that is normally used for one gene now controlling an entirely different gene. 
C)  Since this mechanism relies on recombination it relies on the positioning of one allele so that it is under the control of the other allele. 
D)  Translocations always result in a gene being recombined into an area of heterochromatin. 
A)  Point mutations in promoters frequently occur by this mechanism 
B)  Translocations may result in a promoter that is normally used for one gene now controlling an entirely different gene. 
C)  Since this mechanism relies on recombination it relies on the positioning of one allele so that it is under the control of the other allele. 
D)  Translocations always result in a gene being recombined into an area of heterochromatin.

Question 17

The Ames test may be used to determine if an agent is a mutagen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Anticipation is associated with which type of mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonsense mutations 
B)  Up-promoter mutations 
C)  Intergenic suppressors 
D)  TNRE mutations 
E)  None of the answers are correct 
A)  Nonsense mutations 
B)  Up-promoter mutations 
C)  Intergenic suppressors 
D)  TNRE mutations 
E)  None of the answers are correct

Question 19

An example of a mutagen that integrates into the double-helix of DNA resulting in the inhibition of DNA replication would be

Accepted Answer

A)  EMS 
B)  Nitrous acid 
C)  5BU 
D)  2-amino purine 
E)  Acridine dyes 
A)  EMS 
B)  Nitrous acid 
C)  5BU 
D)  2-amino purine 
E)  Acridine dyes

Question 20

Which repair mechanism is responsible for repairing damage from UV radiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Recombinational repair 
B)  Base excision repair 
C)  Mismatch repair 
D)  Nucleotide excision repair 
E)  Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) 
A)  Recombinational repair 
B)  Base excision repair 
C)  Mismatch repair 
D)  Nucleotide excision repair 
E)  Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)

Exam 19: Gene Mutation and Dna Repair

The mechanism for reactive oxygen species to cause mutation is

Which repair mechanism identifies daughter strands by methylation?

A heritable change in the genetic material is called a mutation.

Translocations and inversions may result in

The difference between the polymerases used in translesion synthesis repair and general DNA replication is

The results of the replica plating experiments by the Lederbergs supported which theory?

Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) is an example of a deaminating agent.

The wild-type eye color of Drosophila is red. A single-base mutation can occur that produces a white eye color. What statement is correct regarding this mutation?

Breakpoints in chromosomes can lead to mutant phenotypes when they occur in the middle of a gene.

A mutation in one gene that compensates for a mutation in another gene to result in the wild-type phenotype is called an intergenic suppressor mutation.

Select the example of an induced mutational mechanism.

Spontaneous mutations include

The mutation frequency for a gene is the ratio of the number of mutant genes to the total number of copies of that gene in a given population.

Select the correct statement regarding rate of mutation.

How does position effect influence gene expression?

The Ames test may be used to determine if an agent is a mutagen.

Anticipation is associated with which type of mutation?

An example of a mutagen that integrates into the double-helix of DNA resulting in the inhibition of DNA replication would be

Which repair mechanism is responsible for repairing damage from UV radiation?

Overview of Genetics

Mendelian Inheritance

Chromosome Transmission During Cell Division and Sexual Reproduction

Extensions of Mendelian Inheritance

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Transfer and Mapping in Bacteria

Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number

Molecular Structure of Dna and Rna

Chromosome Organization and Molecular Structure

Dna Replication

Gene Transcription and Rna Modification

Translation of Mrna

Gene Regulation in Bacteria

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes I: Transcriptional and Translation Regulation

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes Ii: Epigenetics

Non-Coding Rnas

Genetics of Viruses

Recombination, Immunogenetics, and Transposition

Molecular Technologies

Biotechnology

Genomics I: Analysis of Dna

Genomics Ii: Functional Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics

Medical Genetics and Cancer

Developmental Genetics

Population Genetics

Complex and Quantitative Traits

Evolutionary Genetics

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