Question 1

Ammonia is a byproduct of

Accepted Answer

A)  digesting proteins. 
B)  absorbing excess salts. 
C)  excreting urea. 
D)  active uptake in gills. 
A)  digesting proteins. 
B)  absorbing excess salts. 
C)  excreting urea. 
D)  active uptake in gills.

Question 2

Explain how osmotic regulation might make marine organisms better at surviving low temperatures than freshwater organisms.

Accepted Answer

Because of the higher solute concentrati

Question 3

Why is liquid water important for the formation of life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

The liquid state of water allows it to a

Question 4

What percentage of a normal distribution is within one standard deviation of the mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  34% 
B)  50% 
C)  68% 
D)  76% 
E)  95% 
A)  34% 
B)  50% 
C)  68% 
D)  76% 
E)  95%

Question 5

Anaerobic conditions

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease photosynthesis. 
B)  are due to increased pH. 
C)  decrease the diffusion of oxygen. 
D)  are more common in deep water than in the shallows. 
A)  decrease photosynthesis. 
B)  are due to increased pH. 
C)  decrease the diffusion of oxygen. 
D)  are more common in deep water than in the shallows.

Question 6

A liquid with low pH would have

Accepted Answer

A)  high OH− concentration. 
B)  low NO2 concentration. 
C)  low CaCO3 concentration. 
D)  high H+ concentration. 
A)  high OH− concentration. 
B)  low NO2 concentration. 
C)  low CaCO3 concentration. 
D)  high H+ concentration.

Question 7

Mangroves grow on salt-laden coastal mudflats that are inundated daily by high tides. How do these plants address problems of water acquisition and elimination of excess salts?
I. by maintaining high concentrations of organic solutes in their roots
II. by excluding salts from their roots by active transport
III. by actively excreting salt from glands on the surfaces of their leaves

Accepted Answer

A)  I and II only 
B)  I and III only 
C)  II and III only 
D)  III only 
E)  I, II, and III 
A)  I and II only 
B)  I and III only 
C)  II and III only 
D)  III only 
E)  I, II, and III

Question 8

What are some ways to prevent an aquarium from becoming anoxic?

Accepted Answer

One possibility is adding aquatic plants

Question 9

Samples of ocean water are taken from 25 locations, and the mean salt concentration is 36 ppt, with a sample variance of 1 ppt. What is the standard error of the sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.2 
B)  0.5 
C)  1 
D)  1.2 
E)  5 
A)  0.2 
B)  0.5 
C)  1 
D)  1.2 
E)  5

Question 10

The rate of biological processes increases two to four times for each _____ increase in temperature

Accepted Answer

A)  12ºC 
B)  10ºC 
C)  8ºC 
D)  5ºC 
A)  12ºC 
B)  10ºC 
C)  8ºC 
D)  5ºC

Question 11

At what temperature does water reach its maximum density?

Accepted Answer

A)  32ºC 
B)  0ºC 
C)  4ºC 
D)  −12ºC 
E)  100ºC 
A)  32ºC 
B)  0ºC 
C)  4ºC 
D)  −12ºC 
E)  100ºC

Question 12

Organisms that survive in varied temperatures adapt to changes by using

Accepted Answer

A)  supercooling. 
B)  hyperosmotic molecules. 
C)  countercurrent circulation. 
D)  isozymes. 
A)  supercooling. 
B)  hyperosmotic molecules. 
C)  countercurrent circulation. 
D)  isozymes.

Question 13

Which does NOT limit the ability of aquatic plants to photosynthesize?

Accepted Answer

A)  slow diffusion of carbon dioxide in water 
B)  boundary layers 
C)  the size of bicarbonate molecules 
D)  high levels of carbonic acid 
A)  slow diffusion of carbon dioxide in water 
B)  boundary layers 
C)  the size of bicarbonate molecules 
D)  high levels of carbonic acid

Question 14

Suppose organisms in a lake are limited by oxygen. How might the lake's ability to support organisms change if the temperature increased by 10ºC, assuming that all the organisms were still within their thermal optima?

Accepted Answer

A)  It could support about twice as many organisms. 
B)  It could support about half as many organisms. 
C)  It could support about the same number of organisms. 
D)  More information is required to determine whether it would change. 
A)  It could support about twice as many organisms. 
B)  It could support about half as many organisms. 
C)  It could support about the same number of organisms. 
D)  More information is required to determine whether it would change.

Question 15

What do a large standard deviation and small standard error tell you about the data from several samples?

Accepted Answer

A large standard deviation mea

Question 16

Water's polar nature

Accepted Answer

A)  explains its high density. 
B)  makes it a good solvent. 
C)  causes it to freeze at 0ºC. 
D)  limits the amount of dissolved nutrients it can hold. 
A)  explains its high density. 
B)  makes it a good solvent. 
C)  causes it to freeze at 0ºC. 
D)  limits the amount of dissolved nutrients it can hold.

Question 17

How does a low pH harm aquatic environments?

Accepted Answer

At high levels hydrogen ions c

Question 18

What prevents ice formation in blood and tissues of marine animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased concentration of glycerol 
B)  an increased concentration of oxygen 
C)  a decreased concentration of salt 
D)  a decreased concentration of trimethylamine oxide 
A)  an increased concentration of glycerol 
B)  an increased concentration of oxygen 
C)  a decreased concentration of salt 
D)  a decreased concentration of trimethylamine oxide

Question 19

Limestone deposits are due to

Accepted Answer

A)  the low pH of ocean water. 
B)  the solubility of calcium carbonate. 
C)  the polar nature of water. 
D)  acid deposition. 
A)  the low pH of ocean water. 
B)  the solubility of calcium carbonate. 
C)  the polar nature of water. 
D)  acid deposition.

Question 20

Which of the nutrients listed below is NOT required by all organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen 
B)  phosphorus 
C)  potassium 
D)  sulfur 
E)  silicon 
A)  nitrogen 
B)  phosphorus 
C)  potassium 
D)  sulfur 
E)  silicon

Exam 2: Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Ammonia is a byproduct of

Explain how osmotic regulation might make marine organisms better at surviving low temperatures than freshwater organisms.

Why is liquid water important for the formation of life on Earth?

What percentage of a normal distribution is within one standard deviation of the mean?

Anaerobic conditions

A liquid with low pH would have

What are some ways to prevent an aquarium from becoming anoxic?

Samples of ocean water are taken from 25 locations, and the mean salt concentration is 36 ppt, with a sample variance of 1 ppt. What is the standard error of the sample?

The rate of biological processes increases two to four times for each _____ increase in temperature

At what temperature does water reach its maximum density?

Organisms that survive in varied temperatures adapt to changes by using

Which does NOT limit the ability of aquatic plants to photosynthesize?

Suppose organisms in a lake are limited by oxygen. How might the lake's ability to support organisms change if the temperature increased by 10ºC, assuming that all the organisms were still within their thermal optima?

What do a large standard deviation and small standard error tell you about the data from several samples?

Water's polar nature

How does a low pH harm aquatic environments?

What prevents ice formation in blood and tissues of marine animals?

Limestone deposits are due to

Which of the nutrients listed below is NOT required by all organisms?

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviours

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology, Biogeography, and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

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