Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of increased resource availability?

Accepted Answer

A)  fast growth 
B)  early development 
C)  large size at maturation 
D)  reduced predation risk 
A)  fast growth 
B)  early development 
C)  large size at maturation 
D)  reduced predation risk

Question 2

Red foxes mature after their first year of life and may live for 5 to 10 years. Foxes often reproduce many times over their life. The term to describe this aspect of their life history is

Accepted Answer

A)  opportunistic. 
B)  precocious. 
C)  iteroparous. 
D)  semelparous. 
A)  opportunistic. 
B)  precocious. 
C)  iteroparous. 
D)  semelparous.

Question 3

The equation is for a

Accepted Answer

A)  parabola. 
B)  hypotenuse. 
C)  straight line. 
D)  intercept. 
A)  parabola. 
B)  hypotenuse. 
C)  straight line. 
D)  intercept.

Question 4

Explain the main life history trait that differentiates ruderals and stress-tolerant plants.

Accepted Answer

The main difference is the proportion of

Question 5

Topic: combinations of life history traits in plants
Difficulty: medium
Consider a species with a fast potential growth rate, reproduction at a relatively early age, allocation of a small proportion of net production to seeds, and reliance on vegetative spread. According to Grime's classification of life history traits, this species fits the profile of a

Accepted Answer

A)  stress-tolerant species. 
B)  facilitator. 
C)  ruderal. 
D)  competitor. 
E)  fixed-trait strategist. 
A)  stress-tolerant species. 
B)  facilitator. 
C)  ruderal. 
D)  competitor. 
E)  fixed-trait strategist.

Question 6

Topic: senescence
Difficulty: medium
Across a wide range of bird and mammal species, the rate of aging

Accepted Answer

A)  is positively related to the mortality rate due to extrinsic causes. 
B)  is negatively related to the mortality rate due to extrinsic causes. 
C)  is unrelated to the mortality rate due to extrinsic causes. 
D)  increases with the latitude of species range. 
A)  is positively related to the mortality rate due to extrinsic causes. 
B)  is negatively related to the mortality rate due to extrinsic causes. 
C)  is unrelated to the mortality rate due to extrinsic causes. 
D)  increases with the latitude of species range.

Question 7

For seed-producing trees, what conditions might favour production of few relatively large seeds? What conditions might favour production of many relatively small seeds?

Accepted Answer

Trees of closed forests with little oppo

Question 8

Use this figure to answer questions 21 to 23.
  
-Which variable has the smallest proportional difference among the low and high levels of predation risk?

Accepted Answer

A)  mature male guppy size 
B)  offspring volume (percent of adult mass) 
C)  number of offspring 
D)  embryo weight 
A)  mature male guppy size 
B)  offspring volume (percent of adult mass) 
C)  number of offspring 
D)  embryo weight

Question 9

Use this figure to answer questions 21 to 23.
  
-Which variable best summarizes the response to increased predation mortality for adults and suggests that putting more energy into reproduction provides an improved fitness benefit?

Accepted Answer

A)  mature male guppy size 
B)  offspring volume (percent of adult mass) 
C)  number of offspring 
D)  embryo weight 
A)  mature male guppy size 
B)  offspring volume (percent of adult mass) 
C)  number of offspring 
D)  embryo weight

Question 10

What environmental factor would likely lead to later maturation with an iteroparous reproductive strategy?

Accepted Answer

A)  fewer interspecific competitors 
B)  higher rainfall over several years 
C)  a lower severity and frequency of disturbance 
D)  global warming 
A)  fewer interspecific competitors 
B)  higher rainfall over several years 
C)  a lower severity and frequency of disturbance 
D)  global warming

Question 11

How would fecundity and age at maturity be influenced by adult and juvenile survival rates?

Accepted Answer

If the ratio of adult to juvenile surviv

Question 12

A gradual increase in fecundity and increase in the probability of mortality is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  logistic growth. 
B)  acclimation. 
C)  senescence. 
D)  semelparity. 
A)  logistic growth. 
B)  acclimation. 
C)  senescence. 
D)  semelparity.

Question 13

The number of chicks fledged in a brood may not be independent of the number of eggs produced. How might researchers test these variables independently to determine whether there is a relationship between them?

Accepted Answer

Researchers can add or subtrac

Question 14

When adults have a high probability of survival from one year to the next and offspring survival is relatively poor, the best strategy for an adult to maximize fitness is to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase fecundity at the expense of survival. 
B)  delay reproduction for the next cycle. 
C)  increase survival at the expense of fecundity. 
D)  invest all excess energy in having fewer but larger offspring. 
E)  maintain a balance of fecundity and survival. 
A)  increase fecundity at the expense of survival. 
B)  delay reproduction for the next cycle. 
C)  increase survival at the expense of fecundity. 
D)  invest all excess energy in having fewer but larger offspring. 
E)  maintain a balance of fecundity and survival.

Question 15

-Explain the relationship between the two plotted variables in Figure 8.14b. How can egg development and laying occur prior to the end of May if there is a relation between the mean date of laying and average temperatures for May?

Accepted Answer

The birds must use cues from earlier in

Question 16

Many life history events are matched to seasonal changes in environmental conditions, such as the onset of winter. Explain why photoperiod is a more reliable seasonal indicator for plants than air temperature.

Accepted Answer

Although air temperature changes are sea

Question 17

Which does NOT have fast life history attributes?

Accepted Answer

A)  rabbit 
B)  fruit fly 
C)  grasses 
D)  albatross 
E)  shrimp 
A)  rabbit 
B)  fruit fly 
C)  grasses 
D)  albatross 
E)  shrimp

Question 18

Compare the relative influence of determinate and indeterminate growth patterns on natural selection for adult size.

Accepted Answer

An indeterminate growth pattern is more

Question 19

How does having a large number of offspring affect a parent's fitness for subsequent breeding seasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  It could limit the number of offspring the adult produces in its life. 
B)  The increased energy needed to feed many offspring may lower adult survival in the following breeding season. 
C)  The energy required to feed many offspring could trigger smaller broods in the future. 
D)  Competition with offspring for food could reduce energy for future reproduction. 
A)  It could limit the number of offspring the adult produces in its life. 
B)  The increased energy needed to feed many offspring may lower adult survival in the following breeding season. 
C)  The energy required to feed many offspring could trigger smaller broods in the future. 
D)  Competition with offspring for food could reduce energy for future reproduction.

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of increased resource availability?

Red foxes mature after their first year of life and may live for 5 to 10 years. Foxes often reproduce many times over their life. The term to describe this aspect of their life history is

The equation is for a

Explain the main life history trait that differentiates ruderals and stress-tolerant plants.

Topic: senescence Difficulty: medium Across a wide range of bird and mammal species, the rate of aging

For seed-producing trees, what conditions might favour production of few relatively large seeds? What conditions might favour production of many relatively small seeds?

Use this figure to answer questions 21 to 23. -Which variable has the smallest proportional difference among the low and high levels of predation risk?

Use this figure to answer questions 21 to 23. -Which variable best summarizes the response to increased predation mortality for adults and suggests that putting more energy into reproduction provides an improved fitness benefit?

What environmental factor would likely lead to later maturation with an iteroparous reproductive strategy?

How would fecundity and age at maturity be influenced by adult and juvenile survival rates?

A gradual increase in fecundity and increase in the probability of mortality is known as

The number of chicks fledged in a brood may not be independent of the number of eggs produced. How might researchers test these variables independently to determine whether there is a relationship between them?

When adults have a high probability of survival from one year to the next and offspring survival is relatively poor, the best strategy for an adult to maximize fitness is to

-Explain the relationship between the two plotted variables in Figure 8.14b. How can egg development and laying occur prior to the end of May if there is a relation between the mean date of laying and average temperatures for May?

Many life history events are matched to seasonal changes in environmental conditions, such as the onset of winter. Explain why photoperiod is a more reliable seasonal indicator for plants than air temperature.

Which does NOT have fast life history attributes?

Compare the relative influence of determinate and indeterminate growth patterns on natural selection for adult size.

How does having a large number of offspring affect a parent's fitness for subsequent breeding seasons?

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviours

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology, Biogeography, and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

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Exam 8: Life Histories

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of increased resource availability?

Red foxes mature after their first year of life and may live for 5 to 10 years. Foxes often reproduce many times over their life. The term to describe this aspect of their life history is

The equation is for a

Explain the main life history trait that differentiates ruderals and stress-tolerant plants.

Topic: senescence Difficulty: medium Across a wide range of bird and mammal species, the rate of aging

For seed-producing trees, what conditions might favour production of few relatively large seeds? What conditions might favour production of many relatively small seeds?

Use this figure to answer questions 21 to 23. -Which variable has the smallest proportional difference among the low and high levels of predation risk?

Use this figure to answer questions 21 to 23. -Which variable best summarizes the response to increased predation mortality for adults and suggests that putting more energy into reproduction provides an improved fitness benefit?

What environmental factor would likely lead to later maturation with an iteroparous reproductive strategy?

How would fecundity and age at maturity be influenced by adult and juvenile survival rates?

A gradual increase in fecundity and increase in the probability of mortality is known as

The number of chicks fledged in a brood may not be independent of the number of eggs produced. How might researchers test these variables independently to determine whether there is a relationship between them?

When adults have a high probability of survival from one year to the next and offspring survival is relatively poor, the best strategy for an adult to maximize fitness is to

-Explain the relationship between the two plotted variables in Figure 8.14b. How can egg development and laying occur prior to the end of May if there is a relation between the mean date of laying and average temperatures for May?

Many life history events are matched to seasonal changes in environmental conditions, such as the onset of winter. Explain why photoperiod is a more reliable seasonal indicator for plants than air temperature.

Which does NOT have fast life history attributes?

Compare the relative influence of determinate and indeterminate growth patterns on natural selection for adult size.

How does having a large number of offspring affect a parent's fitness for subsequent breeding seasons?

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviours

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology, Biogeography, and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters